| A | B |
|---|
| Block grants | a form of fiscal federalism where federal aid is given to the states with few strings attached. |
| Categorical grants | include project and formula grants and aim at assisting the states in areas such as health, income security, and education |
| Competitive federalism | begun under Richard Nixon and known as the new federalism, this approach stressed the downsizing of the federal government and more reliance on revenue sharing and grants. |
| Cooperative federalism | developed during the New Deal, it is characterized by the federal government's becoming more intrusive in what were traditionally state powers |
| Creative federalism | developed during President Lyndon Johnson's administration, it was characterized by the Great Society programs, which placed a major responsibility on federally funded programs. |
| Dual federalism | the earliest type of relationship established between the federal government and the states where the federal government's powers were defined as delegated and the state government's powers were reserved. |
| Fiscal federalism | a concept of federalism where funding is appropriated by the federal government to the states with specific conditions attached. The legislation can be in the form of mandates. |
| Funded mandates— | those regulations passed by Congress or issued by regulatory agencies to the states with federal funds to support them. |
| Layer cake federalism | federalism characterized by a national government exercising its power independently from state governments. |
| Marble cake federalism | also known as cooperative federalism, it developed during the New Deal and is characterized by the federal government's becoming more intrusive in what was traditionally states' powers. |
| Unfunded mandates | those regulations passed by Congress or issued by regulatory agencies to the states without federal funds to support them. |
