| A | B |
|---|
| cavalry | a unit of soldiers who ride horses |
| Cyrus the Great | Persian emperor who allowed the people whom he conquered to keep their own customs and didn't mistreat them |
| Darius I | young prince who claimed the throne of Persia...he resrored order, improved society and expanded the empire |
| Persian Wars | series of wars between Persia and Greece |
| Xerxes | Darius' son...tried to conquer Greece again...although they FAILED...the empire remained strong |
| alliance | an agreement to work together |
| Peloponnesian War | a war between Athens and Sparta that threatened to tear all of Greece apart...the Spartans won ultimately |
| phalanx | a group of warriors who stood close together in a square with spears pointed outward to fight off enemies |
| Alexander the Great | Phillip's young son, who tgook over when his father dies. Strong leader who used his defeat of Thebes as a n example of what would happen if they turned against him. Built a HUGE empire |
| Hellenistic | Greek-like |
| Socrates | the original Greek philosopher...taught by asking questins (the Socratic method). Arrested and condemned to death because he was accused of questioning Greek authority |
| Plato | student of Socrates...created the Academy where students, philosophers ad scientists came to learn. Wrote The Republic, which described an ideal society |
| Aristotle | Plato's student...greatest Greek thinkier...taught that peopel should live lives of moderation, or balance (yin/yang...Daoism) and people should thingka bout their actions and how they will affect others (the Golden Rule) |
| reason | clear and ordered thinking |
| Euclid | Great mathematician...wrote many of our geometry rules |
| Hippocrates | greatest Greek doctor...doctors today state the Hippocratic Oath when the finish medical school that they will do no harm |
| Parthenon | most impressive of all ancient Greek buildings with 46 columns..built on the Athenian acropolois |
| tragedies and comedies | two of the most popular forms of Greek plays (written by Sophocles and Aristophanes) |
| Thucydides | great Greek historian...wrote about the Peloponnesian Wars |
| Athens | limited military service: wealthy boys boys given education; women had few rights and were not educated (highly valued education above all else) |
| Sparta | military was the main element in society; education was limited to the basics; women had rights, owned land and trained physically ( highly valued physical beauty above all else) |
| Battle of Marathon | Greeks defeated a larger Persian force by luring the Persians into the middle of their forces |
| Battle of Salamis | Greeks destroyed the Persian army by attacking in a narrow strait where the Persian ships could not maneuver well |
