| A | B |
|---|
| A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a(n) ____. | point mutation |
| What are the three types of point mutations? | substitution, insertions and deletions |
| Which types of point mutations cause frameshift mutations? | insertions and deletions |
| A type of point mutation that causes a change in every amino acid following the mutation is called a(n) ____ mutation. | frameshift |
| A point mutation will cause the cell to make an incomplete protein if the mutation results in an early ____ codon. | stop |
| A picture of all 46 chromosomes paired in homologous pairs is called a(n) _____. | karyotype,  |
| The karyotype of a person with Down syndrome would show ___. | three chromosomes at the 21st pair.,  |
| The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis is called ___ and can lead to conditions such as ____. | nondisjunction, Down syndrome,  |
| Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during ____ and can lead to a person being born with an extra ____. | meiosis, chromosome, |
The type of mutation shown below is a(n) _____.,  | chromosomal deletion (must say chromosomal because there are also deletions that are just point mutations), |
The type of mutation shown below is a(n) _____.,  | chromosomal duplication, |
The type of mutation shown below is a(n) _____.,  | chromosomal inversion, |
The type of mutation shown below is a(n) _____.,  | chromosomal translocation, |
| A picture like the one below is called a(n) ____., | karyotype, |
| What type of genetic disorder does the owner of these chromosomes have?, | Down syndrome (notice the extra chromosome at the 21st pair), |
| What do you call a point mutation that changes a nucleotide in a codon, but doesn't change the resulting amino acid? | Silent mutation (Silent mutations are almost always caused by a base-pair substitution that causes the 3rd nucleotide in a codon to change. As you can see in the genetic code chart below, changing the third base often times does not change the amino acid that is called for.),  |
| What do you call a point mutation that ends up causing a stop codon to be read earlier than normal so that the resulting protein is smaller than it should be? | Nonsense mutation (because the protein will be non-functional and its structure will make no sense) |
