| A | B |
|---|
| knight | armored horseman |
| squire | knight's servant |
| page | waited on a lord |
| serf | worked the noble's land |
| feudalism | system of loyalties/protections |
| vassal | served a lord for land |
| fief | land given to a vassal |
| chivalry | rules followed by knights |
| cathedral | large church |
| Chartres | city in France |
| clergy | religious workers |
| convent | community in which nuns live |
| Gothic | architecture with pointed arches |
| monastery | community in which monks live |
| monk | male religious worker |
| nun | female religious worker |
| Romanesque | architecture with rounded arches and vaults |
| Paris | capital of France |
| parchment | paperlike material made from sheepskin |
| apprentice | learns a trade from a master |
| charter | document granting sel-government |
| Flanders | formerly a small country |
| guildgroup guild | groups of merchants and craft workers |
| journeyman | learns advance skills while working a trade |
| King John | forced to sign Magna Carta |
| Magna Carta | document limiting King's power |
| master | one who has learned a trade |
| nation-state | country with a strong ceentral government |
| plague | Black Death (sickness) |
| Charlemagne | Charles the Great |
| chieftain | leader of a tribe |
| crusader | Christian soldier who fought for the Holy Lands |
| Crusades | wars fought to capture the Holy Lands |
| Germanic tribes | from area in or near present day Germany |
| Holy roman Empire | ancient empire in central Europe |
| Middle Ages | period of history A.D.500 - 1500 |
| plunder | goods taken by force |
| Pope | leader of the Roman Catholic Church |
| scholar | learned person |
| shrine | holy place |
| Turks | captured Arab Empire |
| Vikings | warriors from Norway, Sweden and Denmark |
| Pope Urban II | urged people to take back the Holy Lands |
| Pope Leo III | crowned Charlemagne head of Holy Roman Empire |
