| A | B |
|---|
| PROTESTANT REFORMATION | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches |
| CULT OF DOMESTICITY | social customs that restricted women to caring for the house |
| GREAT AWAKENING | Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies. |
| 2ND GREAT AWAKENING | religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, which expressed Arminian theology by which every person could be saved through revivals. It enrolled millions of new members, and led to the formation of new denominations |
| QUAKERS | aka Society of Friends; a radical Protestant sect; wanted to restore the simplicity and spirituality of early Christianity. Pennsylvania was a refuge for them. |
| PURITANS | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. |
| PILGRIMS | Separatists English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620 |
| MAYFLOWER COMPACT | This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule. |
| SALEM WITCH TRIALS | series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex Counties of colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned, with even more accused who were not formally pursued by the authorities. |
| MORMONISM | Joseph Smith organized the ___________ after receiving "Sacred writings" in New York. Unpopular because of their polygamy, they moved to Missouri, then to Nauvoo, Illinois. They were then led to the Great Salt Lake by Brigham young after Smith was killed. |
| JOHN WINTHROP | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. |
| REVEREND THOMAS HOOKER | found colony of Hartford when he led a large group of Boston Puritans, who were unhappy with Massachusetts authorities, into the Connecticut River Valley. |
| ANNE HUTCHINSON | She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. |
| ROGER WILLIAMS | English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism |
| WILLIAM PENN | Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718) |
| GEORGE CALVERT LORD BALTIMORE | envisioned a new colony (Maryland) for a great venture in real estate and as a retreat for Catholics, who felt oppressed by the Anglican establishment in England. He died before receiving the charter for his new colony. |
| ANTINOMIANISM | the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture) |
| PREDESTINATION | (theology) being determined in advance |
| FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT | document which established a regime democratically controlled by the substantial citizens of Hartford |
| HARVARD | One of the earliest colleges in America. Set up to train Puritan preachers. |
| BILLY GRAHAM | One of the most popular evangelical ministers of the era. Star of the first televised "crusades" for religious revival. He supported Republicans and a large increase to money in the military. |
| RELIGIOUS RIGHT | Politically active religious conservatives, especially Catholics and evangelical Christians, who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism, abortion, and homosexuality and who promoted "family values." |
| MORAL MAJORITY | Political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian votes on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president. |
| CHARLES FINNEY | Known as the "father of modern revivalism," he was a pioneer of cooperation among Protestant denominations. He believed that conversions were human creations instead of the divine works of God, and that people's destinies were in their own hands. His "Social Gospel" offered salvation to all |
| BROOK FARM | An experiment in Utopian socialism, it lasted for six years (1841-1847) in New Roxbury, Massachusetts. |
| MOTHER ANN LEE STANLEY | founder of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, or Shakers. During the 1770s she emigrated from England to the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, Albany County, New York to avoid persecution. She and others worshiped by ecstatic dancing or "shaking", which dubbed them as the Shaking Quakers |
| AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH | a predominantly African American Methodist denomination based in the United States. It was founded by the Rev. Richard Allen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816 from several black Methodist congregations in the mid-Atlantic area that wanted independence from white Methodists. Allen was elected its first bishop in 1816 |
| HALF-WAY COVENANT | applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs. |
| DEISM | The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life. |
