| A | B |
|---|
| Artificial insemination | The deposition of spermatozoa in the female genitalia by artificial rather than by natural means. |
| Cloning | When cells or organisms are genetically identical to each other |
| Crossbreeding | The breeding of plants or animals that belong to different races |
| Embryo transfer | The removal of developing embryos from one female and their transfer to the uterus of another; it usually involves the superovulation of superior females and the transfer of their embryos in an attempt to increase the number of superior offspring. |
| Estrus synchronization | Using synthetic hormones to make a group of females come into heat at the same time. |
| Hand breeding (hand mating) | A system of animal breeding in which the breeder controls the number of times coitus is performed. |
| Heat | An animal in estrus that is ready to breed. |
| Heterosis | The amount of superiority observed or measured in crossbred animals compared with the average of their purebred parents; hybrid vigor |
| Hybrid vigor | The increase of size |
| Inbreeding | The mating of very closely related animals such as mother and son |
| Line breeding | Mating of selected members of successive generations among themselves in an effort to maintain or fix desirable characteristics. |
| Mate | To pair off two animals of opposite sexes for reproduction. Mating may be for a single season or for life. |
| Morphology | A branch of biologic science that deals with the forms |
| Motility | Active movement in artificial insemination of the sperm in a maleÕs semen. |
| Natural breeding | A system of breeding that pairs a live male and female; often referred to as live cover. |
| Pasture breeding (pasture mating) | A system of breeding that allows animals to mate at will in the pasture or field. |
| Superovulation | The stimulation of more than the usual number of ovulations during a single estrous cycle due to the injection of certain hormones. |
| Cervix | A part of the reproductive tract of female mammals that forms a seal or doorway between the uterus and vagina. |
| CowperÕs gland | An accessory gland in the male reproductive system that produces a fluid |
| Cryptorchid | A male animal in which one or both testicles remained in the body cavity and did not descend into the scrotum during embryonic development. |
| Endocrine system | The bodily system that consists of the endocrine glands and functions to regulate body activities. |
| Epididymis | A small |
| Estrogen | A hormone or group of hormones produced by the developing ovarian follicle; it stimulates female sex drive and controls the development of feminine characteristics. |
| Estrus | The period of sexual excitement (heat) |
| Fallopian tubes | One of the two tubes or ducts connected to the uterus of mammals and leading to the ovary; functions in transporting the ovum from the ovary to the uterus. |
| Hormone | A chemical substance formed in some organ of the body |
| Infundibulum | The enlarged |
| Ligament | Any tough |
| Maturation | Becoming mature. |
| Ovum (Egg) | The female sex cell |
| Ovary | The organ in female animals that produces the egg or ovum. |
| Oviduct | The tube that leads from the ovary to the uterus or other organs where fertilization or further development of the ovum or egg cell occurs. Also called fallopian tube |
| Parturition | The act of giving birth. |
| Penis | The male organ of sexual union. |
| Prostate | One of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system that encircles the neck of the bladder where it joins the urethra. |
| Reproduction | The production of offspring by organized bodies; reproduction by the fusion of a female sexual cell and a male sexual cell. |
| Anestrus | The nonbreeding season; the period of time when a female is not cycling. |
| Calving | The term for the act of giving birth in cattle. |
| Diestrus | The period of the estrous cycle that occurs between metestrus and proestrus. |
| Estrogen | A hormone or group of hormones produced by the developing ovarian follicle; it stimulates female sex drive and controls the development of feminine characteristics. |
| Estrous cycle | The reproductive cycle in non-primates |
| Estrus | The period of sexual excitement (i.e. |
| Farrowing | The term for the act of giving birth in swine. |
| Foaling | The term for the act of giving birth in horses. |
| Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | A hormone |
| Gestation period | The length of time from conception to birth of young. |
| Heat | An animal that is in estrus and ready to breed. |
| Hormone | A chemical substance formed in some organ of the body |
| Kidding | The term for the act of giving birth in goats. |
| Lactation | The period of milk secretion. Usually begins at parturition and ends when offspring are weaned |
| Lambing | The term for the act of giving birth in sheep. |
| Littering | The term for the act of giving birth in cats. |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH) | In animals |
| Menstrual cycle | A recurring cycle in humans and primates in which the endometrial lining of the uterus prepares for pregnancy; if pregnancy does not occur the lining is shed at menstruation. |
| Metestrus | The phase of the estrous cycle on non-primates following estrus and characterized by the development of the corpus luteum and the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. |
| Parturition | The act of giving birth. |
| Polyestrous | Refers to an animal that has several estrous cycles in a breeding season. |
| Pregnancy | The condition of a female having a living fetus in the uterus that occurs after the ovum has been fertilized by the male sperm cell. |
| Proestrus | The phase of the estrous cycle just before estrus; characterized by the development of the ovarian follicle. |
| Progesterone | A hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary that functions in preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining it if it occurs. |
| Puberty | The time when sexual maturity is reached. In the female |
| Wean | To make a young animal cease to depend on its motherÕs milk. |
| Whelping | The term for the act of giving birth in dogs. |
