| A | B |
|---|
| introspection | the purposeful and rational self-observation of one's mental state; first wave of psychology |
| structuralism | the idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations |
| functionalism | explains how our mind and body function in our lives to help us survive |
| Gestalt psychology | examined a person's total experience, not just bits and pieces of it; second wave of psychology |
| psychoanalysis | human behavior, experience, and cognition are largely determined by irrational & unconscious drives; third wave of psychology |
| behaviorism | psychologists should only look at behavior and causes of behavior, not elements of consciousness; fourth wave of psychology; dominant school of thought from the 1920s to 1960s |
| humanism | stresses individual choice and free will, most of our behaviors are chosen due to physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs |
| Neuroscience (Biopsychology) | explains human thought and behavior in terms of biological processes only |
| Evolutionary | examine human thoughts and actions in terms of early human behavior & natural selection |
| natural selection | favorable traits for survival will be passed down and preserved |
| Cognitive | examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember information |
| Social-Cultural | looks at how human thought and behavior varies from culture to culture |
| Empiricism | The belief that experience creates knowledge, and that science should rely on observation and experimentation. |
| Nature-Nurture | A longstanding controversy in psychology over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. |
| Basic Research | Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. |
| Applied Research | Research undertaken to solve a specific problem, like pollution, drunk driving, smoking, etc. |
| Psychiatrists | Medical doctors who have completed special training in the treatment of psychological disorders. |
| Counseling Psychologists | Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems or crisis(divorce, midlife crisis, marriage, motherhood ,etc,.) |
| Clinical Psychologists | Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems. |
| Biopsychosocial | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
| Psychodynamic | Modern version of Freud's "unconscious mind" approach. |
| Behavior Genetic | Branch that believes humans are the product of their inherited chromosomes |
| Experimental Psychologists | Work on research to add new knowledge to the field |
| Psychology | Scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| Trephination | Cutting a hole in the skull of a person; used back when ueople believed psychological disorders were caused by evil spirits |
| Dualism | Idea that the mind is not a physical part of the body, separate and not physical. |
| Monism | Mind is part of the body, physical & destructable. |
