| A | B |
|---|
| Scientific Revolution | new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question |
| heliocentric theory | sun is at the center of the universe |
| geocentric theory | view which held that the earth was the center of the universe |
| Galileo Galilei | scientist who was forced by the Catholic Church to take back scientific ideas that disagreed with the church's view |
| scientific method | logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas |
| Isaac Newton | Scientist who discovered laws of motion and gravity |
| Enlightenment | a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems (Age of Reason) |
| social contract | according to Thomas Hobbes, an agreement people make with government |
| John Locke | Philosopher who wrote about government (natural rights) |
| philosophes | social critics in France |
| Voltaire | writer who fought tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of Speech |
| Montesquieu | French writer concrened with government and political liberty (Checks and Balances) |
| Rousseau | Enlightenment thinker who championed freedom |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Author who wrote about women's rights |
| salon | social gathering for discussing ideas or enjoying art |
| baroque | grand, ornate style |
| neoclassical | simple style that borrowed ideas from classical Greece and Rome |
| enlightened despot | were rulers who supported Enlightenment ideas but did not give up power |
| Catherine the Great | Russian Ruler who took steps to reform and modernize Russia |
| Declaration of Independence | document declaring American independence from Britain |
| Thomas Jefferson | Author of the Declaration of Independence |
| checks and balances | system in which each branch of government checks, or limits, the power of the other two branches |
| federal system | system of government in whichpower is divided between the national and state governments |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution |
