| A | B |
| irrigation | enabled people to grow a larger more stabe supply of food |
| city-state | land around the Sumerian city with its own goverment |
| polytheism | worship of many gods |
| theocracy | government controlled by religious leaders |
| cuneiform | early form of writing that consits of wedge-shaped markings made with red reeds on clay tablets |
| pharohs | an Egyptain ruler |
| monotheism | belief in one God |
| covenant | an agreement |
| prophet | messenger of God |
| caliphs | leaders who ruled Muslim community after Muhammad died |
| terrorism | use of violence against civilians to achieve a political goal |
| hajj | the holy journey that is the last pillar of faith |
| dietary laws | rules of what foods can and can not be eaten by Jews and Muslims |
| saints | christian holy people |
| epics | tales or poems about heroes and heroines |
| mosques | Islamic houses of worship |
| calligraphy | art of beautiful writing, for decoration |
| bazaar | traditional marketplace where there may be a single street of stalls or an entire district that extends along miles of walks and passages |
| revenues | BONUS: income |