| A | B |
|---|
| What is the shape of the earth? | sphere , a round ball |
| orbits | revolves around |
| axis | an imaginary line that runs through the middle of the earth from the North Pole to the South Pole |
| Equator | an imaginary line that circles the earth halfway between the North and South poles |
| hemishphere | half of the earth's sphere the Northern and Southern hemispheres |
| Aristotle | Philosopher who thought the earth was shaped like a sphere because of other bodies in space and we first see a ship's mast because the curve of the earth's surace hides the lower parts of the ship from view until it comes closer |
| Ptolemy | wrote on of the first geography books and thought the earth was smaller than it was. |
| grid | a network of intersecting lines used to locate places |
| latitude | means wide, horizontal lines that run in t he same direction as the Equator that measure north and south |
| longitude | means long and also called meridians . There are 360 meridians and measure east and west |
| Prime Meridian | imaginary line that runs through Greenwhich, England that is numbered 0 degrees longitude |
| International Date Line | 180 degree meridan, the point at which each day begins |
| odometer | an instrument that tells how far one has traveled |
| scale | shows the relationship between distnces on a map and real distances on the earth's surface |
| elevation or altitude | height of places |
| contour lines | a line that is used to show elevation on a map |
| cartographers | people who make maps |
| satellites | an object made to travel around the earth |
| projections | a way to show a drawing of the earth on a flat surface |
| distortion | errors in the way the map shows the earth |
| atlas | collection of maps |
| isthmus | narrow strip of land |
| climate | the normal or usual pattern of weather for a place over a period of time |
| humidity | the amound of dryness or dampness in the air |
| precipitation | moisture that falls on the earth's surface in the form of rain, snow ,sleet, or hail |
| population density | shows where the largest number of people live in the world |
| Dionysius | he began the practice of numbering the years from the birth of Jesus Christ |
| century | 100 years |
| decade | ten year period of time |
| circa | about |
| time line | shows a series of events |
| Columbus | used Ptolemy's geography that had the distance from Europe to Asia much closer and did not include America |
| Nadar | took a picture of a village near Paris from a hot air balloon |
| Gordon Cooper | astronaut that took pictures of the earth's surface from space |
| Behaim | made a globe of the earth called "Behaim's earthapple" |
| Mercator | Drew the parallels of latitude and the meridians of longitude that met at right angles. It showed directions clearly |
