| A | B |
|---|
| bacteriophage | a type of virus that infects a bacteria |
| nucleotides | the units, or monomers, that make up DNA includes cytosine, thymine, adenine and quanine |
| double helix | DNA nucleotides fit together in two strands that look like a twisted ladder |
| base pairing rules | Thymine always bonds with Adenosine, Cytosine always bonds with Quanine |
| replication | this happens when DNA acts as a template, or pattern, to make a copy of the DNA |
| DNA polymerases | are a group of enzymes that bond newly created nucleotides together during replication |
| central dogma | Describes the three processes in which DNA gets used to make proteins. The three processes are 1-replication copies DNA, 2-transcription converts a DNA message into RNA, and 3-translation interprest the RNA message in to a string of amino acids, called polypeptide(s) which makes up a protein. |
| RNA | stands for ribonucleic acid which has ribose sugar, has uracil instead of thymine, and is single stranded |
| transcription | the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
| RNA polymerase | are a group of enzymes that helps with transcription |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | carries the instructions that later get turned into a protein |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | forms part of ribosomes, the parts of a cell that put amino acids together in a polypeptide |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | transfers amino acids in the cytoplasm to the growing polypeptide |
| Translation | the process that reads an mRNA message and turns it into a polypeptide |
| codon | a "word" in genetic code that is made of three nucleotides |
| start codon | a genetic code that signals the start of translation |
| stop codon | a genetic code that signals the end of an amino acid chain |
| promoter | a DNA segment that allows a region of DNA to be transcribed by helping the RNA polymerase to find the place where a gene starts |
| operon | a region of DNA that contains a promoter, an operator, and one or mor genes that code for all the proteins necessary for a particular task |
| exons | a segment of mRNA that codes for a protein |
| introns | a segment of mRNA that does not code for a protein |
| anticodon | complementary to a specific mRNA codon |
