| A | B |
|---|
| whole number | any one of the numbers 0,1,2,3,and so on |
| period | each group of three digits in a place value chart |
| place | the position of a digit in a number |
| value | the product of a digit multiplied by its place |
| standard form | the usual or common way to write a number |
| expanded form | a way of writing a number as the sum of the values of its digits |
| decimal | a number with one or mor eof the digits to the right of the decimal point such as 8.37 or 0.05 |
| fraction | a number such as 3/4, that names part of a whole or part of a group |
| equivalent decimals | decimals that are the same number |
| round | to find the nearest value of a number based on a given place value |
| estimate | to find a number that is close to the exact answer |
| commutative property of addition | the order of the addends does not change the sum |
| associative property of addition | the way the addends are grouped does not change the sum |
| identity property of addition | the sum of any number and zero equals the number |
| compensation | process by which you change the values of numbers and add or subtract mentally |
| product | the answer in a multiplication problem |
| factor | a number multiplied to give a product; for example, 3 and 5 in 3 x 5 |
| array | a group of objects seperated in rows or columns |
| distributive property of multiplication over addition | states that to multiply a sum by a number, you can multiply each addend by the number, and then add those products together |
| identity property of multiplication | the product of any factor and 1 equals the factor |
| zero property of multiplication | the product of any factor and 0 equals 0 |
| associative property of multiplication | the way the addends are grouped does not change the product |
| commutative property of multiplication | the order of the addends does not change the product |
| distributive property of multiplication over subtraction | states that to multiply a differnece of two numbers by a third number, you can multiply the first two numbers by the third and then find the difference of the products |
| clustering | a way to estimate a sum by changing the addends that are close in value to one common number and multiplying by the number of addends |
| base | the number that is to be raised to a given exponent |
| exponent | the number that tells how many times the base is used as a factor |
| power | a number obtained by raising a base to an exponent |
| dividend | a number to be divided |
| divisor | thenumber by which a dividend is divided |
| quotient | the answer to a division problem |
| fact family | a group of related facts using the same numbers |
| remainder | in division, a number left after the quotient is found |
| compatible numbers | numbers that can be divided mentally without a remainder |
| power of 10 | a number obtained by raising 10 to an exponent |
| divisible | a whole number is divisible by another number when the first is divided by the second and the remainder is 0 |
| prime number | a whole number greater than 1 that is divisible only by itself and the number 1 |
| composite number | a whole number greater than 1 that is divisible by more numbers than just itself and the number 1 |
| prime factorization | a way of expressing a whole number as a product of its prime factors |
| factor tree | a diagram used to find a prime factorization of a number |
| common factor | a whole number that is a factor of two or more numbers |
| greatest common factor | the greatest whole number that is a common factor of two or more numbers |
| fraction | a number that names part of a whole or part of a group |
| numerator | the number above the bar in a fraction; that tells how many parts are being used |
| denominator | the number below the bar in a fraction; the part of a fraction that tells how many equal parts are in the whole |
| equivalent fractions | two different fractions that name the same number |
| simplest form | a fraction is in simplest form when 1 is the only common factor of the numerator and denominator |
| least common multiple | least whole number greater than 0 that is a multiple of two or more numbers |
| multiple | the product of a given number and any other whole number |
| least common denominator | the least common multiple of the denominators of the fractions |
| mixed number | a number that combines a whole number and a fraction |
| improper fraction | a fraction that has a numerator greater than its denominator |
| like denominators | denominators that are the same |
| reciprocals | two numbers whose product is 1 |
| divisor | the number by which a dividend is divided |
