| A | B |
|---|
| Scientific Revolution | 1500s to 1600s, based on change in the scientific method - encouraged experimentation and observation to find natural laws |
| social contract | agreement between the people and government to create a more orderly society |
| natural rights | yours at birth.... Life, Liberty and Property |
| Thomas Hobbes | we are evil and need a strong, absolute monarch to control us |
| John Locke | we are good, have natural rights and the gov't MUST protect them or be overthrown |
| Montesquieu | Three branches in government to create a system of checks and balance |
| Voltaire | Wrote Candide to expose the injustices in European society. Also imprison and exile for pointing this out in France. |
| Rousseau | believed that the general will or majority rule was more important than individual rights. |
| Adam Smith | Laissez-faire capitalism and no gov't interference in the economy |
| laissez-faire capitalism | no gov't involvement in the economy, it will be run by an invisible hand ... supply and demand |
| Invisible hand | competitive self interest |
| mercantilism | a nation's wealth is increased by taking colonies to get raw materials and exports. Favorable balance of trade. |
| enlightened despot | a ruler with total power who uses it for the good of the people |
| Catherine the Great | Russian Czarina - Enlightend? Promised free serfs, but didn't - Did give some schools and hospitals |
| French Revolution | put and end to not only the King and Queen of France, but led to monarchs trying to stop Enlightened ideas |
| American Revolution | used Enlightened ideas to justify revolt and create new government |
| Black Sea (port) | a warm water port that Catherine the Great won for Russia |
| parliamentary government | the legislative branch chooses the executive branch |
| Mary Wollestonecraft | supported women's rights, saying that an "inequality in ability came only from an inequality in education |
| impact of the Enlightenment | revolution |
| neoclassical | revival of Greek and Roman architecture - arches, domes and columns |
| American Resentment of British rule... | taxes (ex. Stamp Act) without representation |
| Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights | gradually limited the power of England's kings |
| France and America? | supported the American Revolution to get back at Britain for the Seven Year's War |
| Age of Reason | aka - The Enlightenment |
| American and French Revolutions | inspired other nations to revolt against Kings and set up democracies |
| panglossian | overly optimistic, like Candide's tutor |
| Copernicus, Galileo and Newton | used experimentation and observation to prove and explain a heliocentric universe |
| Enlightenment philosophers | want to find and use natural laws for society |
