| A | B |
|---|
| Allele | Different forms of the same gene (ex. positive allele, negative allele) |
| Homozygous | 2 of the same allele |
| Heterozygous | 2 different alleles (ex. Hh or Tt) |
| Genotype | set of genes an individual has (represented by letters) |
| Phenotype | observable trait |
| nucleotide | the monomers that make up DNA and RNA (made of a phosphate, sugar, and base) |
| DNA | deoxyribose nucleic acid |
| RNA | ribose nucleic acid |
| Transciption | The process in which DNA is copied to mRNA by RNA polymerase |
| Translation | messenger RNA is decoded by a ribosome using tRNA , to produce a specific amino acid chain, which folds into a protein |
| Dominant trait | this trait is expressed if the allele is present |
| Recessive trait | this trait is only expressed if a dominant allele is not present |
| heredity | process in which a parent passes genes to an offspring |
| codon | a sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid |
| amino acids | the monomers (building blocks) of proteins |
| The shape of DNA | double helix |
| The bonds between bases in DNA | hydrogen bonds |
| The bonds between sugar and phosphates in DNA | covalent bonds |
| What makes up the backbone of DNA | sugars and phosphates |
| Complimentary base pairs | AT GC |
