| A | B |
|---|
| heresy | a belief contrary to official Church teaching |
| Virgil | the author of the Aeneid |
| mercenaries | foreign soldiers serving for pay |
| republic | a form of government in which the people choose some of the officials |
| Augustine of Hippo | a scholar who combined Christian doctrine with Greco-Roman learning |
| dictator | a ruler who has complete control over government |
| imperialism | a policy of establishing control over foreign lands and peoples |
| latifundia | huge estates bought up by wealthy Roman families |
| Ptolemy | A Hellentistic scientist who argued that the Earth was the center of the universe |
| legion | the basic military unit of the Roman army |
| Augustus | the first Roman emperor |
| imperium | the right to command |
| consul | Roman magistrate who had the right to command armies |
| Phoenicians | set up colonies for trade and were carriers of culture like the alphabet |
| monotheism | believing in one God |
| Diaspora | the scattering of the Jewish people from their homeland to other parts of the world |
| aristocracy | rule by a hereditary landed elite |
| Etruscans | ethnic group from northern Italy who were early rulers of Rome |
| veto | to block a law |
| consul | Roman magistrate that performed executive duties and commanded the army; there were two |
| tribune | official elected by plebeians to protect their interests |
| plebeian | member of the Roman lower class during the Roman republic |
| patrician | member of the Roman landholding upper class |
| Senate | the Roman legislative body that held most power under the republic |
| mosaic | the art of using bits of tile or glass to make designs in floors, walls or ceilings |
| messiah | savior |
| apostle | a Greek word meaning a "person sent forth" |
| Paul | the man most responsible for the spread of Christianity |
| clergy | people who conduct religious services |
| pope | the bishop of Rome who eventually claimed to lead the Catholic Church |
| martyr | one who dies for the faith |
| Pax Romana | long period of peace in the early Roman empire |
| inflation | too much money in the economy; causes a rise in prices |
| deflation | too little money in the economy; causes a collapse in prices |
| mercenary | someone who is a paid soldier |
| Huns | Magyars who invaded Europe in the fourth century |
