| A | B |
|---|
| mercenaries | foreign soldiers serving for pay |
| republic | a form of government in which the people choose some of the officials |
| Ptolemy | A Hellentistic scientist who argued that the Earth was the center of the universe |
| polis | Greek city state |
| hoplon | the round shield carried by Greek soldiers |
| hoplite | a Greek infantry soldier |
| phalanx | Greek military formation with tightly packed spearmen |
| tyrant | someone who gains power by illegitimate means or force |
| acropolis | high part of the city with temples |
| monarchy | rule by a king |
| oligarchy | rule by a small group of wealthy people |
| Socrates | Athenian philosopher sentenced to death for his views; teacher of Plato |
| Plato | Athenian philosopher who wrote the Republic |
| Aristotle | Athenian philosopher who taught Alexander the Great and had the idea of the golden mean |
| logic | the rules of rational thinking |
| rhetoric | the formal study of persuasive speaking |
| philosopher | Greek word for a lover of wisdom |
| Parthenon | the temple dedicated to the goddess Athena |
| Herodotus | the Greek father of history |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian leader who conquered Egypt, Persia, Mesopotamia; associated with Hellenism |
| heliocentric | having the sun as the center |
| geocentric | having the earth as the center |
| assassination | the murder of a public figure |
| Homer | the blind Greek epic poet |
| Iliad | Homer's story of the Trojan War |
| Odyssey | Homer's story of the ten year journey home from Troy undertaken by Odysseus |
| citizen | free resident of a Greek city state; he could participate in politics |
| Pericles | defender of Athenian democracy |
| Hippocrates | Greek physician who set ethical standards for doctors |
| ostracism | banishing of a public figure |
| Thycydides | the writer of the history of the Peloponnesian War |
| Hellenism | the spreading of Greek culture to the Middle East and Egypt |
| Minoans | created an early civilization in the island of Crete |
| Mycenaeans | early Greek-speakers who probably started the Trojan War |
| aristocracy | rule by a hereditary landed elite |
