| A | B |
|---|
| postural dysfunction | underlying problem for most people with back pain |
| what maintains back pain | mechanical stress |
| kyphosis | excessive anterior curve of T spine |
| causes of pain with excessive kyphosis | ligament stress, ms fatigue, neuro compression |
| osteoporosis | metabolic disorder causing bone mineral loss |
| fx due to osteoporosis | vertebrae, hip, wrist |
| changes due to osteoporosis | posture, decreased height, pain, fx, tooth loss |
| risks of osteoporosis | female, menopause, caucasian, smoking, inactive, diet |
| avoid this with pt with osteoporisis | flexion |
| three point approach to treating osteoporosis | diet, exercise, medication |
| causes of rib dysfunction | trauma, cough/sneeze |
| ms causing t spine dysfunction | hip flex, L extensors, gluts, abs, T extensors |
| Ant Pelvic Tilt Postural dysfunction | causes increased L lordosis, neuro compression, & facet jt compression |
| swayback | increased L lordosis, forward head caused by fatigue, weakness & poor exercise program |
| flat low back | tight trunk flexors and weak L extensors |
| mechanical derangement | facet joint irritation and locking |
| facet irritation | due to hx of trauma (flex with rotation) where jt capsule/meniscus gets trapped |
| pain is located in glut, prox thigh, or groin due to locking and asymmetry of spine components | facet irritation |
| spondylolithesis | ant slipping of vertebrae due to fx of neural arch |
| LBP with tight HS, stiffness/tenderness in area of pinched disc | spondylolithesis |
| Spinal stenosis | narrowing of intervertebral or vertebral foramen |
| causes pressure on spinal cord/nerve root; usually unilateral; worse in standing & walking | spinal stenosis |
| flexion bias | stenosis, spondylolithesis |
| DJD | osteoarthritis of the spinal joints |
| most common cause of back pain | posture |
| age changes to disc | fibrosis, soft tissue fraying |
| herniated disc | tearing of annulus allows bulging of nucleus into neural space |
| flexion causes the disc to do this | move posteriorly |
| true nerve root involvement | specific ms weakness, dermatome loss, diminished DTR, bowel/bladder loss |
| position causing most amount of disc pressure | slouched sitting |
| disc herniation symptoms | pain increase with sitting, lordosis decreased, lateral shift, radiculopathy |
| extension bias | disc dysfunction |
| intervention for every patient | education to prevent recurrence |
| DDD | causes instability by affecting facet joint function |
| scoliosis | named by the convexity |
| rib hump | found on convex side with flexion |
| functional scoliosis | correct posture or bony alignment and it will go away |
| milwaukee brace | worn all the time to decrease progression of scoliosis curve |
| harrington rods | placed by facets to decrease scoliosis curve |
