| A | B |
|---|
| laminectomy | decompresses spinal cord/nerve root pressure |
| microdiscectomy | removes extruded disc material |
| artificial disc | keeps annulus fibrosis but replaces nucleus pulposis |
| relieves pain by limiting movement | spinal fusion |
| major stabilizer of the trunk | transverse abdominis |
| trauma or sprain due to cough/sneeze can cause this | rib dysfunction |
| stretch scalenes | sidebend opposite and rotate to the same side while stabilizing the rib cage |
| flat low back | decreased lumbrosacral angle, post pelvic tilt, weak hip extensors |
| facet irritation | pain in gluts, prox thigh or groin |
| traction | treat facet irritation |
| William's flexion exercises | knees to chest |
| posterior pelvic tilt | opens up intervertebral space |
| flexion causes this | posterior migration of disc material |
| most common cause of LBP | muscle strain |
| true nerve root involvement | loss of bowel/bladder control, diminished DTR, myotome/dermatome impairment |
| sitting makes symptoms worse | disc herniation |
| standing/walking makes symptoms worse | spinal stenosis |
| mckenzie approach | prone press up |
| prone lying | causes disc to migrate anteriorly |
| larger changes in velocity cause this | increased cervical spine damage |
| whiplash | damage to soft tissue, avulsion fx, strain of ligaments/jt capsule, stretch of nerves |
| functional impairment after cervical strain | scapular dyskinesis |
| teach diaphragmatic breathing | to improve neck pain after cervical sprain |
| active cervical rotation in painfree ROM | decreases pain after whiplash and improves pt outlook |
| walking after cervical strain causes this | movement of clavicle, scapula and rib where attachment of neck ms occur |
| head nodding exercise | re-educates the longus colli |
| axial extension with finger on lips | postural re-education of head position |
| mckenzie cervical exercise | neck extension in sitting |
| neck retraction | migrates the cervical disc anteriorly |
| torticollis | spasm of SCM |
| cervical spine instability | thoracic spine hypomobility accompanies this problem |
| chin tuck with shoulder flexion | cervical spine stabilization exercise |
| bridge | trunk stabilization and gluteal strengthening |
| dying bug | trunk flexor strengthening |
| clam shell | hip abductor strengthening |
| standing stork stretch | stretch quads |
| long sitting SLR | iliopsoas and quad strengthening |
| anterior pelvic tilt | caused by hip flexors and lumbar extensors |
| sacroiliac dysfunction | pain in groin, low back or buttock without radiculopathy |
| L anterior innominate rotation | perform hip extension on left with right hip flexion counter rotation |
