| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that has volume and mass |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical nmeans |
| nucleus | part of an atom containing protons and neutrons |
| proton | tiny particle that has mass and a positive electrical charge |
| neutron | a particle with the same mass as a proton but it is electrically neutral |
| electron | particle with little mass and a negative electric charge |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus |
| mass number | the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (add your protons and neutrons to find the mass of the atom) |
| isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons causing a different mass number. (different number of neutrons causing the mass of the element to change although it is the same atomic element) |
| compound | a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| chemical bond | the force that holds together the elements in a compound |
| covalent bond | an attraction of two atoms due to a shared pair of electrons that hold them together |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| ion | an atom that gains or loses an electron and has a net electrical charge |
| ionic bond | the attractive force between two ions of opposite charge |
| Common ionic bonds | NaCl , MgO, Na_2_O (the 2 is written as a subscript(tiny number at the bottom)) |
| metallic bond | allows metals to conduct electricity because the electrons can move freely throughout the entire solid metal (valence electrons are moving freely around positively charged ions |
| chemical reaction | the change of one or more substances into other substances |
| solution | homogeneous mixture |
| acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) |
| base | a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) |
| crystalline structure | structures with particles arranged in regular geometric patterns |
| glass | a solid that consist of densely packed atoms arranged randomly. |
| evaporation | process change from liquid to gas |
| plasma | highly ionized, electrically conducting gas |
| condensation | process change from gas to liquid once gas is cooled |
| sublimation | slow change from solid to gas skipping the liquid form |
