| A | B |
|---|
| Shay's Rebellion | Uprising of a group of farmers led by Daniel Shay; Took a long time to put down, showed how the Articles were weak and helped to call for a new Constitution |
| Jay's Treaty | Treaty negotiated by John Jay in 1794, settled conflict with Britain and helped prevent possible war between America and Britain |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Acts that placed new obstacles in the way of immigrants and allowed the government to prosecute those who engaged in sedition against the government |
| John Adams | First vice president of the united states, second president of the US, signer of the declaration of independence, kept US out of war with the French during his presedency |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists, keeping a Federalist majority in the judicial branch. |
| Bill of Rights | List of rights approved by Congress on September 25, 1789, now is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution |
| Great Compromise | Created by Rodger Sherman, created a bicameral legislature and two houses of congress, one based on population while one was based on equal representation |
| Neutrality Act | American belief in not taking sides during a war, established during a war between France and England in 1789 |
| Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power |
| Hamilton's Financial Plan | Called for the federal government to assume state's debts and create a national bank, create new taxes on liquors and imports. Goal was to create a stable government with an elite ruling class. |
| New Jersey Plan | Plan for the Constitution in which each state had equal representation, and there was one house in the government, but that house had expanded powers to tax and regulate commerce |
| James Madison | Founding Father who helped to resolve the question of sovereignty and the question of limiting power, framer of the US Constitution |
| Citizen Genet Affair | First challenge to American neutrality. Diplomatic representative from France who looked for funding in support of the French (against the British). Arrived in south to find support from citizens and militias rather than first meeting with Washington. |
| Pinckney's Treaty | 1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans. The Treaty also fixed the Northern border of Florida. |
| Quasi War | Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies and refused to receive a new United States minister when he arrived in Paris in December 1796 (refused to negotiate without a loan and bribes, directly connected to XYZ affair) |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Resolutions proposed by the Republican party to the Alien and Sedition Acts, claimed that if law passed by government was considered unnecessary, it could be nullified by the state governments |
| Virginia Plan | "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation |
| Whiskey Rebellion | 1794, rebellion over tax on whiskey, quelled by Washington and 15,000 militiamen |
| Washington's Farewell Address | 1797, document written by Washington when he left office, especially warned against formation of political parties |
| XYZ Affair | Named after the given nicknames of three French officials who demanded bribes from French diplomats in order to negotiate relations. |
| Sovereignty | absolute rule over governmet, politics, etc. |
| The Federalist Papers | A series of eighty-five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution |
| Revolution of 1800 | On the 36th ballot, Jefferson becomes victorious, winning the election and switching from Federalist to a Democratic-Republican majority. |
| Annapolis Convention | First meeting to discuss the flaws of the AoC. Only had five delegates attend, and agreed to meet in the future. |
| Constitutional Convention | A meeting of delegates from all states (except RI) in 1787 that resulted in a brand new national constitution. AKA Constitutional Convention |
| 3/5 Compromise | Counted each slave as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of determining the population of a state, which would be used for taxes and representation |
| Constitution (7 Articles) | A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed |
| US Congress | the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. |
| Senate | The upper house of the United States Congress. Two senators are elected from each state, regardless of state population, guaranteeing each state equal representation |
| House of Representatives | The lower house of the United States Congress. With 435 popularly elected officials. elected by the people |
| Supreme Court | the highest federal court in the US, consisting of nine justices and a court justice, who serves for life |
| President | the head of state and head of government of the United States. |
| Electroal College | Group that elects the president of the US |
| Federalism | a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. |
| Executve | enforces the law |
| Legislative | make the laws |
| Judicial | interprets the laws |
| Federalist | A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures (those who for a strong federal government) |
| Anti-Federalist | Opponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government, generally (supported states' rights) |
| Ratification | to accept |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | This established a federal district court in each state and 3 circuit courts to hear appeals, with the Supreme Court having the final say. |
| Report on Manufactures | Written by Alexander Hamilton, highlighting the importance of manufactoring in the US |
| Assumption of debt | policy of assumption, Hamilton argued, required expanded federal taxation, including a tariff and an excise tax on whiskey. |
| Tariff | tax on imported goods |
| Nullification | reject or decline |
| Compact Theory | holds that the country was formed through a compact agreed upon by all the states, and that the federal government is thus a creation of the states. |
| Midnight Justices | Congress reduced the number of Supreme Court justices, but greatly increased the number of federal judges. The night before president Adams left office, Federalists quickly filled the new federal judge positions. |
| William Patterson | Created the New Jersey Plan, wanted a unicameral and equal representation |
| Roger Sherman | created the Great Compromise |
| George Washington | first president of the US, general and one of the most influencial people in the US in this time period |
| Thomas Jefferson | First secretary of state, third president of the US, republican who wanted to point toward an agrarian economy |
| Alexander Hamilton | Founding Father who wrote The Federalist Papers and favored a strong central government as well as a national bank, first secretary of the treasury |
| Henry Knox | first secretary of war |
| Edmund Randolph | first attorny general |
| Aaron Burr | Jefferson's presidential candidate opponent who received the same number of electoral votes for the presidency |
| John Marshall | Became supreme court justice after Adam's "midnight justices" |
