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| Limbic System | A group of forebrain structures that form a border around the brainstem and are involved in emotion, motivation, learning, and memory |
| Hippocampus | A curved forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and is involved in learning and forming new memories |
| Thalamus | A forebrain structure that processes sensory information for all senses. except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex |
| Hypothalamus | A peanut-sized forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and regulates behaviors related to survival, such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity |
| Amygdala | An almond-shaped forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and is involved in emotion and memory |
| Split-Brain Operation | A surgical procedure that involves cutting the corpus callosum |
| (Pierre Paul) Broca | French surgeon and neuroanatomist who in 1861 discovered an area on the lower left frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex that, when damaged, produces speech disturbances but no loss of comprehension |
| (Karl) Wernicke | German neurologist who in 1874 discovered an area on the left temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex that , when damaged, produces meaningless or nonsensical speech and difficulties in verbal or written comprehension |
| Michael Gazzaniga | Expert in the field of split-brain research |
| Brainstem | A region of the brain made up of the hindbrain and the midbrain |
| Hindbrain (Oldbrain) | A region at the base of the brain that contains several structures that regulate basic life functions |
| Medulla | A hindbrain structure that controls vital life functions such as breathing and circulation |
| Pons | A hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two sides of the cerebellum; helps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body |
| Cerebellum | A large, two-sided hindbrain structure at the back of the brain responsible for muscle coordination and maintaining posture and equilibrium |
| Reticular Formation | A network of nerve fibers located in the center of the medulla that helps regulate attention, arousal, and sleep |
| Midbrain | The middle and smallest brain regions involved in processing auditory and visual sensory information |
| Forebrain | The largest and most complex brain region, which contains centers for complex behaviors and mental processes; also called the cerebrum |
| Cerebral Cortex | The wrinkled outer portion of the forebrain. which contains the most sophisticated brain centers |
| Cerebral Hemispheres | The nearly symmetrical left and right halves of the cerebral cortex |
| Corpus Callosum | A thick band of nerve fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them |
| Temporal Lobe | An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information |
| Occipital Lobe | An area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information |
| Parietal Lobe | An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex located above the temporal love that processes somatic sensations |
| Frontal Lobe | The largest lobe of each cerebral hemisphere; processes voluntary muscle movements and is involved in thinking, planning, and emotional control |
| EEG | Electroencephalograph, produces a graphic record of the brain's electrical activity by using electrodes placed on the scalp |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging, provides three-dimensional, highly detailed images of the brain using electrical signals generated by the brain in response to magnetic fields |
| PET Scan | Positron Emission Tomography, An imaging technique that provides color-coded images of the brain activity by measuring the amount of a radioactive compound, glucose, or oxygen used in different brain regions |
| fMRI | Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, An imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to map brain activity by measuring changes in the brain's blood supply during different mental activities |
| CT Scan | Uses dye and computer imagery to get a view of damage & abnormalities. |
| Reticular Activating System | Another name for the Reticular Formation. Regulates sleep, wakefulness, & attention. |
| Pituitary Gland | "Master Gland" that controls the release of hormones in other glands; directs our growth. |
| Thyroid Gland | Gland that controls metabolic rate. |
| Adrenal Gland | Gland that prepares us for danger when it appears. (Epinephrine) |
| Testes & Ovaries | "Sex" glands that produce primary & secondary sex characteristics. |
| Pancreas | Gland which releases insulin to process blood sugar. |
