| A | B |
|---|
| Ecology | study o how organisms interact with each other and the environment |
| species | group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| population | group of organisms of the same species in the same area that the same time |
| community | many populations living in the same area at the same time |
| ecosystem | all the living things and their physical environment |
| biosphere | includes all parts of Earth that host life |
| biotic factors | living or once living parts of an ecosystem |
| abiotic factors | air, water, pH, temp |
| resources | anything an organism needs to survive |
| population size | number of individuals in a population at a given time |
| population distribution | how organisms are arranged within an area |
| population density | measures how crowded a population is |
| age structure | relative number of organisms of each age group within a population |
| sex ratio | proportion of males and females |
| age pyramid | tool used to predict future population growth of a population |
| Type I curve | higher mortality rate at older ages |
| Type II curve | indicates equal mortality at all ages |
| Type II curve | indicates death is less likely at an older age |
| immigration | movement into an area |
| emmigration | movement out of an area |
| natality | rate at which individuals are born |
| mortality | rate at which individuals die |
| survivorship curve | graph that shows how the likelihood of death caries with age |
| migration | seasonal movement into and out of an area |
| exponential growth | population increases by a fixed percent each year |
| J shaped curve | represents exponential growth |
| S shaped curve | represents logistic growth |
| density dependent factors | influences changes with population density |
| density independent factors | influences does not change with population density |
| biotic potential | maximum ability to produce offspring in ideal conditions |
| generation time | span from birth to the time an organism has its own offspring |
| gestation time | how long it takes an embryo to develop |
| carrying capacity | largest population size a given environment can sustainably support |
| limiting factors | environmental characteristics that limit population growth |
| logistic growth | shows how a population growth is slowed by limiting factors |
