| A | B |
|---|
| Cell division | the process in which cells reproduce |
| unicellular organisms | divide into 2 new individuals |
| multicellular organisms | result from divisions of zygote |
| genes | code for proteins that carry out cellular functions |
| cells divides | genes are separated into daughter cells |
| chromatin | composed of DNA and proteins in thin uncoiled strands, found in a nondividing cell |
| cell division begins when: | DNA replicates, coils, wraps around histones |
| DNA strands | physical arrangement in the only thing that changes |
| Chromatids | each chromosome consists of 2 identical parts called _____ |
| 2 chromatids | sister chromatids |
| centromere | point at which each pair of chromatids is attached |
| prokaryotes | simpler- DNA comprises only 1 chromosome attached inside of the membrane |
| chromosome numbers | every species has a different number of chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | determine the sex of the organism and carries other characteristics |
| Female chromosomes | XX |
| Male chromosomes | XY |
| Autosomes | all other chromosomes-44 in humans |
| all sexually reproduced organisms have how many copies of each autosome? | 2; one from each parent |
| homologus chromosomes | 2 copies of each autosome (homolouges) same size, shape, and carry genes for traits |
| Karyotype | a picture of an individuals chromosomes |
| diploid cells | 2 sets of chromosomes-2N |
| haploid cell | only one set of chromosomes- 1N refers to haploid cells |
| human body cell | 46 and cell contains 22 homologus pairs of chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes |
