| A | B |
|---|
| starch | plant polymer used to store energy |
| cellulose | plant polymer used as a structural molecule |
| glycogen | animal polymer used to store energy for the short term |
| chitin | polymer found in the cell walls of fungi or in insect exoskeletons |
| isomer | chemicals that have the same chemical formulas but differ in structure |
| monomer subunit of a carbohydrate | monosaccharide |
| examples of monosaccharides | glucose, fructose, galactose |
| examples of disaccharides | sucrose and maltose |
| two monosaccharides bonded together | disaccharide |
| type of reaction that breaks apart polymers into monomers | hydrolysis reaction |
| type of reaction that links or bonds monosaccharides together | dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction |
| function of triglycerides | long term energy storage, insulation and cushioning of organs |
| triglyceride | three fatty acid tails attached to a glycerol unit |
| phospholipid | two fatty acid tails attached to a polar phosphate head |
| polar | a molecule that has a slight positive portion and a slight negative portion |
| nonpolar | a molecule that is overall neutral |
| hydrophobic | hates water |
| hydrophillic | loves water |
| steroids | used in hormone production |
| reaction to link monomers together | condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis |
| reaction to break a polymer into its monomer subunits | hydrolysis reaction |
| saturated | contains only carbon-carbon single bonds |
| unsaturated | contains double bonds between the carbon atoms |
| monomer subunit of a nucleic acid | nucleotides |
| purines | adenine and guanine |
| pyrimidines | cytosine and thymine |
| in DNA, A bonds with | T |
| in DNA, G bonds with | C |
| DNA | double stranded, contains T, contains deoxyribose |
| RNA | single stranded, contains U, contains ribose sugar |
| used in protein synthesis | RNA |
| remains in the nucleus, contains the instructions to make proteins | DNA |
| reaction to break a polymer into its monomer subunits | hydrolysis reaction |
| reaction to link monomers | condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis reaction |
| type of bond found between amino acids | peptide |
| another name for a protein | polypeptide |
| enzyme | biological catalyst |
| enzymes work through this model | lock and key |
| to change the shape or conformation of a protein | denature |
| monomer subunit of protein | amino acid |
| amino group | NH2 |
| carboxyl group | COOH |
| each amino acid contains these two functional groups | NH2 and COOH |
| amino acids are linked through this type of reaction | condensation reaction and dehydration synthesis |
| polypeptides or proteins are broken into amino acid monomers through this type of reaction | hydrolysis |
| things that can denature a protein | high heat and acidity |
| ATP | energy molecule of an organism |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| cohesion | attractive force of molecules to molecules of the same type |
| adhesion | attractive force of molecules to other types of molecules |
| hydrogen bonds | bond created between the slightly positive end of one water molecule to the slightly negative end of another water molecule |
