| A | B |
|---|
| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| monosaccharide | the monomer of a carbohydrate; a simple sugar |
| peptide bond | name for bond that joins two amino acids together |
| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids; a polymer of a protein |
| polysaccharide | a polymer of a carbohydrate with many monosaccharides linked together |
| proteins | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
| carbohydrates | any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
| substrate | the reactant that attaches to an enzyme in a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyted |
| polymer | a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units |
| condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule |
| organic compounds | covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two ore more new substances; |
| monomer | a repeated one molecule unit in a polymer |
| macromolecule | a very large organic molecule, usually a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms |
| active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar and three phosphate groups |
| alcohol | a functional group attached to a carbon compound with the chemical formula giving it polar properties (-OH) |
| functional group | the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds |
