| A | B |
|---|
| Gregor Mendel | monk-tended a garden at a monastery-observations of many different characteristics of pea plants |
| Heredity | transmission of traits from parents to offspring |
| mendel observed how many characteristics and traits? | 7 characteristics, 2 contrasting traits |
| contrasting traits | seed texture(round or wrinkled) seed color(yellow or green) |
| strain | plants pure for a specific trait |
| produced strains | allowing plants to self pollinate |
| self pollination | reproductive process-fertilazation occurs within a single plant |
| anthers | male reproductive part of the flower-pollen grain=sperm |
| stigma | female reproductive part of the flower |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma |
| cross pollination | flowers of 2 separate plants |
| parental generation | P1 |
| How many strains are obtained? | 14 strains, one for each of the 14 traits |
| offspring of the P1 generation | first filial generation or F1 |
| self pollinated flowers form the F1 generation | plants-second filial generation or F2 |
| results F1 generation | 100% green |
| results F2 generation | 3/4 green pods, 1/4 yellow pods |
| factors | something withing a plant that controls characteristics |
| Dominant trait | appeared in F1 |
| recessive trait | lost in F1, reappeared in f2 |
| one factor in a pair may mask another factor | which prevents it from having an effect |
| 1.dominant | masked or dominated the other factor |
| 2.recessive | masked in the presence of a dominant factor |
| concluded | factors that produced trait visible in F1 dominated over factors that produced traits that didnt appear in that generation |
| reasoned | if each parent had 2 factors each offspring must have 2 factors |
| concluded | each reproductive cell recieved only one factor for each characteristic |
| law of segregation | a pair of factors is segregated during the formation of gametes |
| concluded(part 2) | factors from different characteristics are not connected |
| law of independent assortment | factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently |
| molecular genetics | study of structure and function of chromosomes and genes |
| genes | segments of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular trait |
| chromosomes and genes occur in what | pairs |
| allele | an alternative form of a gene |
| letters represent alleles | capital=dominant/ lowercase=recessive |
