A | B |
aneurysm | A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall. May eventually burst. |
angina pectoris | A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart. |
arrhythmia | Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. |
cerebrovascular accident, stroke | Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow. Causes include atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm; commonly called stroke. |
clubbing | Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes due to growth of the soft tissue around the nails. Seen in a variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral circulation. |
cyanosis | Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen |
dissecting aneurysm | An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and separates the layers. Usually involves the aorta. |
edema | Swelling of body tissues due to the presence of excess fluid. Causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition. |
embolism | Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation. |
embolus | A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but may also be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body. |
dyspnea | Difficult or labored breathing. |
fibrillation | Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles. |
heart block | An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia. The conditon is classified in order of increasing severity as first, second or third degree heart block. Block in a bundle branch is designated as a left or right bundle branch block (BBB). |
heart failure | A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood. |
hypertension | A condition of higher than normal blood pressure. Essential (primary, idiopathic) hypertension has no known cause. |
infarction | Localized necrosis of tissue resulting from a blockage or narrowing of the artery that supplies the area. A myocardial infarction occurs in cardiac muscle and usually results from formation of a thrombus in a coronary artery. |
ischemia | Local deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction of the circulation. |
murmur | An abnormal heart sound. A functional murmur is generated by normal heart function and does not indicate a defect. |
occlusion | A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel. |
phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein. |
rheumatic heart disease | Damage to heart valves following infection with a type of streptococcus. The antibodies produced in response to the infection produce scarring of the valves, usually the mitral valve. |
shock | Circulatory failure resulting in inadequate supply of blood to the heart. Cardiogenic shock is due to heart failure; hypovolemic shock is due to a loss of blood volume; septic shock is due to bacterial infection. |
stenosis | Constriction or narrowing of an opening |
syncope | A temporary loss of consciousness due to inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting. |
thrombosis, thrombus | Development of a blood clot within a vessel. |
varicose vein | A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel; also called varix or varicosity. |
Hodgkin's disease | A malignant disease causing progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue |
lymphoma | Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue |
lymphadenitis | Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection. |
lymphadenopathy | Any disease of the lymph nodes; often used to mean enlarged lymph nodes. |
lymphangiitis | Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection. Appears as painful red streaks under the skin. |
lymphedema | Swelling of tissues with lymph due to obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels. |
bradycardia | A slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute. |
bruit | An abnormal sound heard in auscultation. |
cardiac tamponade | Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. May result from pericarditis or injury to the heart or great vessels. |
coarctation of the aorta | Localized narrowing of the aorta. |
extrasystole | Premature contraction of the heart. |
flutter | A very rapid (200-300 per minute) but regular contractions, as in the atria or the ventricles. |
hypotension | A conditon of lower than normal blood pressure. |
intermittent claudication | Pain in a muscle during exercise due to inadequate blood supply. The pain disappears with rest. |
mitral valve prolapse | Movement of the cusps of the mitral valve into the left atrium when the ventricles contract. |
occlusive vascular disease | Arteriosclerotic disease of the vessels, usually peripheral vessels. |
palpitation | A sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat. |
pitting edema | Edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed firmly into the skin |
polyarteritis nodosa | Potentially fatal collagen disease causing inflammation of small visceral arteries. Symptoms depend on the organ affected. |
Raynaud's disease | A disorder characterized by abnormal constricton of peripheral vessesl in the arms and legs on exposure to cold. |
regurgitation | A backward flow, such as the backflow of blood through a defective valve. |
subacute bacterial endocarditis | Growth of bacteria in a heart or valves previously damaged by rheumatic fever |
tachycardia | An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 beats per minute. |
tetralogy of Fallot | A combination of four congenital heart abnormalities: pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defect, displacement of the aorta to the right, right ventricular hypertrophy. |
thromboangiitis obliterans | Thrombotic occlusion of leg vessels in young men leading to gangrene of the feet. Patients show a hypersensitivity to tobacco. Also called Buerger's disease. |
vegetation | Irregular outgrowths of bacteria on the heart valves; associated with rheumatic fever. |
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | A cardiac arrhythmia consisting of tachycardia and a premature ventricular beat caused by an alternate conduction pathway. |