| A | B |
| Cause and Effect | shows one element producing another. |
| Classification | dividing items into groups. |
| Comparison | listing similarities among items |
| Contrast | list differences among items |
| Time, Order Sequence or Narration | listing events in order of occurrence |
| Description | list characteristics or details |
| Generalization and Example | explains with examples to illustrate |
| Location and Spatial Order | Identifies the whereabouts of objects |
| Simple List | randomly lists items in a series |
| Summary | condenses major points |
| Definition | initially defines a concept and expands with examples and restatements. |