| A | B |
|---|
| homeostasis | the condition of a constant internal environment |
| autotrophs | have the capability of making their own food |
| heterotrophs | must find their own food |
| assimilation | the incorporation of materials into body structures |
| growth | one result of assimilation; increasing in size |
| regulation | all the activities to help maintain homeostasis; including the nervous and endocrine system in animals |
| excretion | the ridding of wastes |
| ingestion | the taking in of food |
| egestion | the evacuation of food from a body |
| digestion | the breaking of complex substances into simpler ones |
| synthesis | process to make complex substances from simple substances |
| respiration | using sugars (carbohydrates) and creating energy for an organism; water and carbon dioxide are given off |
| metabolism | all the chemical activities that occur within an organism |
| nutrition | process that allows an organism to obtain nutrients |
| transport | process that moves materials in, out and within cells |
| reproduction | process that allows organisms to produce offspring of their own kind |
| saturated fats | carbon-to-carbon bonds are single; animal tissue; causes cholesterol |
| unsaturated fats | one or more carbon bonds are double; plant tissue; reduces cholesterol |
| carbohydrates | instant energy |
| glycogen | animal starch found in the liver |
| proteins | nutrient needed for growth and repair |
| vitamins | coenzymes to speed up enzyme controlled reactions |
| minerals | elements needed by cells to do special jobs |
| water | dissolves food; carries away waste; cools off the body |
| fiber | indigestible plant matter; reduces colon and rectal cancer |
| absorption | process by which food molecules are broken down into a simpler form |
| physical (mechanical) digestion | breaks food into smaller pieces |
| chemical digestion | food changes to a new form with the help of enzymes |
| alimentary canal | digestive system |
| pharynx (earthworm) | pulls in food by a sucking action |
| crop | stores food |
| gizzard | grinds food against grains of sand |
| intestine | where chemical digestion and absorption takes place |
| typhlosole | fold in intestine that increases surface area |
| yellow marrow | stores fats |
| pseudopods | projections on the cell surface used in locomotion; fake feet |
