| A | B |
|---|
| Social Security | A federal program that provides payments & medical care to the retired, unemployed, or disabled based on work history. |
| Dust Bowl | Area of the Great Plains where a series of drought and destructive wind storms of the 1930's turned the soil to wind-borne dust. One of the worst environmental disasters in history. |
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff (June 1930) | The highest protective tariff in peace time history. |
| Federal Reserve | Twelve district banks of the US established to regulate and help member banks in each district. |
| Speculation | Risky business ventures involving buying or selling in the hope of making a large & quick profit. |
| Great Depression | Economic condition market by an extended & severe decline in production, sales & severe unemployment. |
| Installment Buying | Paying for goods at regular intervals, usually with interest added. |
| Buying on Margin | Buying stocks with a small cash down payment & the money borrowed from a stock broker who holds shares as collateral; repayments come from the profits. |
| "Black Tuesday" | The day prices on the New York Stock Exchange took a nose dive. |
| Bonus Army | May 1932 day when 1,500 unemployed veterans & their families marched on Washington, D.C. demanding early payment of the bonus Congress had promised to pay in 1945. |
| Hoovervilles | Makeshift communities on the outskirts of cities. |
| Wall Street | The money market or financiers of the United States. |
| Securities | Stocks, bonds, & other financial instruments traded on a stock exchange. |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | Made $2 billion in loans to railroads, insurance companies, banks, state & local governments in 1932. |
| Stock Market | A place where agents for the public buy & sell shares of stocks & bonds. |
| Dorothea Lange | Photographer who documented people's lives during the Depression. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | First lady who fought for social justice & added compassion to the New Deal. |
| Herbert Hoover | President when the stock market crashed & caused the Depression. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Elected 4 times. Provided "action now" in the New Deal. |
| Bull Market | Continued rise in stock prices |
| Bear Market | Continuing drop in stock prices |
| Panic of 1929 | The one-day stock market crash which turned into... |
| Business Cycle | Economic pattern marked by up and down periods of growth and decline in a free enterprise economy |
| Relief | Food, clothing, shelter, and money for the needy |
| Public Works | Projects such as building hospitals, roads, and schools to create jobs |
| Federal Home Loan Bank Act | Money to banks, financial institutions, and insurance companies so they could offer low-interest mortgages |
| Brain Trust | College professors, labor leaders, lawyers, and social workers who gave advice on policies to FDR |
| Hundred Days | March 9-mid June when most of the New Deal programs were passed |
| Fireside Chats | Informal radio broadcasts from the White House when FDR assured Americans that most banks had reopened for business. |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | To protect bank accounts they insured deposits up to $5,000 per account |
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) | $500 million of which 1/2 went to the states to distribute directly to families |
| National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) | Sought to eliminate unfair competition and prevent business failures |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | These workers built dams in 7 states along the Tennessee River basin to control flooding, reduce soil erosion, and generate cheap hydroelectric power. |
| American Liberty League | Opposed the New Deal claiming they discouraged free enterprise and the start of socialism in the U.S. |
| Share-the-Wealth | Huey Long's plan to limit the size of all personal fortunes thus guarantee every family a minimum income of $2,500 a year. |
| Second New Deal | New program of reforms proposed by FDR in 1935. |
| Revenue Act of 1935 | Law raising taxes on the nation's wealthiest citizens and corporation; also called the Wealth Tax Act. |
| Rural Electrification Administration | Organization established during the Second New Deal that extended electrical power lines into isolated rural areas. |
| Emergency Relief Appropriation Act (1935) | Second New Deal law providing unemployment relief. |
| Works Progress Administration | New Deal agency created to put American men and women to work constructing & repairing bridges, roads, buildings, & parks. |
| Indian Reorganization Act | Allowed Native Americans to re-establish their tribal organizations on Federal Reservations |
| Deficit Spending | When a government borrows in order to spend more money than it receives in revenue. |
| National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) | Gave workers the right to select their own unions by majority vote, strike, boycott, & pickett. |
| Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) | Legislation that established a minimum hourly wage and a maximum workweek of 40 hours. |
| Great Smoky Mountains National Park | Dedicated in 1940 by FDR. CCC provided a lot of the work in developing it (one of the most visited national parks in America) |
| Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) 1934 | Law that ended land allotment to individual American Indians, and returned some land to tribal ownership, and allowed reservation residents to form self-governing bodies. |
| Social Security Act (SSA) | old age pensions, aid to the handicapped and disabled; unemployment insurance (still around today) |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) | ”boondoggling” work for the unemployed (as critics put it) but most work was for community improvement-included work for unemployed artists, actors, and writers. |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | government insures bank deposits-originally funded to $100,000-today $250,000-in response to bank failures and bank runs |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | oversees brokerage firms and the NYSE. It requires companies to be honest in their disclosures of company worth. (still around today) |
