| A | B |
|---|
| igneous rock | rock that forms when magma or lava cool |
| metamorphic rock | formed when heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth's crust change a rock's characteristics |
| sedimentary rock | formed from particles of sediment that are deposited, compacted, and cemented together |
| extrusive metamorphic rock | formed at the Earth's surface |
| intrusive metamorphic rock | formed under the Earth's surface |
| rock grain | a particle of mineral or of other rock that gives a rock its texture |
| porphyritic rock | a rock with large crystals scattered on a background of much smaller crystals |
| sediment | small particles of rock or organisms which are moved by water or wind |
| deposition | process where sediment carried by wind or water drops out and settles |
| compaction | the squeezing of layers and layers of sediment |
| cementation | when dissolved minerals seep into spaces between particles of sediment , crystallize, and glue the pieces together |
| shale | made from tiny particles of clay |
| sandstone | formed from tiny fragments of sand |
| conglomerate | sedimentary rock that contains a mixture of rock fragments that are rounded |
| breccia | sedimentary rock that contains a mixture of rock fragments that are sharp edged |
| limestone | sedimentary rock formed from the hard shells of living things |
| coal | sedimentary rock made from the remains of swamp plants buried in water for millions of years |
| chemical clastic rock | sedimentary rock formed when minerals that are dissolved in a solution then crystallize |
| organic clastic rock | sedimentary rocks formed when the remains of plants and animals are deposited and compressed |
| coral reef | a structure made from the remains of coral animals |
| foliated rock | metamorphic rock whose grains are arranged in flat, parallel layers |
| nonfoliated rock | metamorphic rock whose grains are arranged randomly |
| texture | how the rock looks and feels |
| coarse-grained rock | grains that are large and easy to see |
| fine-grained | grains that are so small they can only be seen with a microscope |
| basalt | the most common extrusive rock |
| granite | the most common intrusive rock |
| erosion | process when running water or wind loosen and carry away tiny fragments of rock |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure |
