| A | B |
|---|
| diffusion | movement of solutes down a concentration gradient |
| concentration gradient | change in concentration over a distance |
| active transport | uses a pump and ATP |
| passive transport | diffusion; without the need for ATP |
| carrier protein | facilitated diffusion |
| channel protein | permits a polar substance to pass through the membrane |
| carbohydrates on proteins | cellular recognition proteins |
| na+ k+ pump | 3 Na pumped in and 2 K out |
| against a concentration gradient | actuve transport |
| hypertonic | high salt |
| hypotonic | low salt or distilled water |
| isotonic | same concentration in or out |
| equilibrium | stuff comes in at same rate as it goes out; no net change |
| receptor | coupled to a G protein |
| adenylyl cyclase | makes ATP become cAMP |
| cAMP | second messenger |
| epinephrine | signal molecule |
| turns channels on or off, makes DNA start protein synthesis | jobs of cAMP |
| signal transduction | send the message from the signal outside to the inside of the cell |
| cell membrane | lipid bilayer |
