| A | B |
|---|
| Somatoform disorders | physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury for which there is NO physical cause |
| conversion disorder | a somatoform disorder where severe emotional conflicts are converted into physical symptoms such as blindness or paralysis. |
| hypochondriasis | a somatoform disorder involving an exaggerated concern about health and illness |
| autism | lack of appropriate social responsiveness and highly impaired communication |
| A.D.H.D | classified as a learning disability; characterized by impulisiveness and limited ability to focus on tasks |
| schizoid | limited emotion and a lack of interest in close personal relationships with others |
| dependent personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by unhealthy submissiveness and dependence on others |
| antisocial personality disorder | a person with this type of personality disorder would lack a conscience and show no remorse for actions that harm others. for exam in the movie Batman The Dark Knight, the Joker robs banks, kills people, blows up a hospital, with no sign of remorse,  , 
|
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | person is preoccupied with certain distressing thoughts and feels compelled to perform certain behaviors |
| borderline personality disorder | extremely unstable self-image, relationships, moods and impulses; might cut themselves |
| histrionic personality disorder | excessive emotion and attention seeking behavior; Ex, Marilyn Monroe |
| narcissistic personality disorder | somene with this personality disorder has an exaggerated self-importance and desire for constant admiration |
| mood disorders | primarily involve disturbances in affect, or emotion |
| bipolar disorder | also known as manic depression, characterized by alternating periods of extreme moods |
| seratonin | a neurotransmitter, used in regulating mood |
| dysthymic disorder | Dysthymic disorder occurs when a person suffers from a mild depression for at least two years. No major depressive bouts occur during this time |
| learned helplessness | tendency to be a passive learner who depends on others for decisions and guidance |
| dissociative disorder | this classification of disorders involves a splitting apart of significant aspects of a person's awareness, memory, or identity. Includes dissociative amnesia, fugue, & DID |
| dissocative amnesia | a dissociative disorder characterized by a partial or total inability to recall past experiences and important information; typically a response to traumatic events and extremely stressful situations |
| dissocative fugue | characterized by suddenly leaving home & taking on a completely new identity with no memory of a former life; sometimes called "traveling amnesia" |
| dissocative identity disorder | the presence of two or more distinct personalities in the same person. Each personality has its own name, memories, and behaviors. Ex. Sybil |
| disorganized schizophrenia | marked by incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and flat or grossly inappropriate emotions |
| delusions of grandeur | delusions that one has some great, unrecognized talent, knowledge, or insight of a special relationship with an important person or with god, or that one is a famous person |
| delusions | false beliefs held against all contrary evidence |
| hallucinations | imaginary sensations, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that don't exist in the real world |
| paranoid schizophrenia | schizophrenia marked by a preoccupation with delusions or by frequent auditory hallucinations related to a single theme, especially grandeur or persecution |
| delusions of persecution | delusions that one is being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned, maligned, or harassed |
| psychotic disorders | characterized by hallucinations and delusions, social withdrawal, and a retreat from reality |
| schizophrenia | a type of psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and a "split" between thought and emotion |
| word salad | when the victim's speech is very loosely connected and words can be thrown together in odd, nonsensical ways in the jumbled thinking |
| positive symptoms | symptoms that a sufferer has that a healthy person does not such as hallucinations or false beliefs |
| negative symptoms | refer to something the sufferer lacks that a healthy person has as in the case of flattened affect |
| not multiple personality | schizophrenia does not refer to having more than one personality and multiple identity is a non-psychotic, dissociative disorder |
| David Rosenhan | admitted himself to mental institutions claming he heard voices, once in hospital acted normal again |
| Social Phobia | An intense, irrational fear of being observed, evaluated, embarrassed, or humiliated by others in social situations, such as eating, writing, blushing, or speaking in public |
| Agoraphobia | a fear of public places and open spaces, commonly accompanying panic disorder. Ex. movie Copycat |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | Psyhological disturbance lasting more than one month following stresses. |
| Panic Disorder | intense fear, usually accompanied by significant sympathetic nervous system activation, that is not triggered by any particular event, object, or situation. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | marked by ongoing tension, apprehension, and nervousness that does not seem to be linked to any specific trigger or stimulus. "free floating anxiety" |
| Phobia | not simply a fear, but a deep seated, irrational fear- irrational in the sense that one may feel intense terror even in "safe" conditions. |
| Obsessions | images or thoughts that intrude into consciousness against a person's will |
| Compulsions | irrational acts a person feels driven to repeat |
| U-M-A-D | criiteria for diagnosis of a mental disorder; Unjustifiable; Maladaptive; Atypical; Disturbing (Distressing) |
| dopamine hypothesis | states that schizophrenia is related to, and may be caused by, excess activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. |
| diathesis-stress hypothesis | (another theory about what causes schizophrenia) says that genetic factors place the individual at risk while environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder. |
| flat effect | a negative symptom of schizophrenia; absense of emotional expression |
| Seasonal Affective disorder | People that suffer from SAD only experience depression during the winter months. It is believed that the lack of sunlight in the winter brings about the depression. |
| DSM-V | most recent edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual;Diagnosis based on five “axes” discontinued; removes subtypes of schizophrenia |
| psychoanalytic perspective | views mental disorders as the product of conflicts among the id, ego, and superego; in order to protect itself the ego represses psychic conflicts into the unconscious |
| cognitive perspective | perspective focuses on faulty, illogical, an negative ways of thinking |
| behavioral perspective | this perspective stresses that abnormal behavior is LEARNED |
| biological perspective | perspective that argues many disorders are caused by neurotransmitter imbalances, differences in brain structures, and inherited dispositions |
| David Rosenhan's Pseudopatient Experiment | In 1973 this psychologists & his students were admitted to mental hospitals after claiming they heard voices that said "empty," "hollow," and "thud". After being admitted they acted normally. The "pseudopatients" were kept from 7-52 days. All were released with a diagnosis of schizophrenia "in remission" |
| tardive dyskinesia | caused by long term use of antipsychotic drugs like Thorazine; symptoms include involuntary movements of the tongue, facial muscles, and limbs |
| Lithium | used to treat bipolar disorder |
| Prozac | a SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) used to treat depression |
| Psychopharamacology | study of how drugs affect mental processes & behavior |
| Lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain |
