| A | B |
|---|
| Gross examination what happens here | Specimens are logged into a Accession log |
| How big should the tissue pieces be approx | 4 to 5 mm |
| Fixation:what types of fixative are used | Formalin 10%, Zenkers fluid, Bouin's fluid, brasil's alcohol picro- formal fixation |
| what is the most common type of fixative? | Formalin 10% |
| what is the reason for fixation | are preserved from decay, thereby preventing autolysis or putrefaction |
| What is the volume of fixation to that of the specimen | 10 to 20 time it volume |
| What fixative is a gas soluble in water | formaldehyde (HCHO) |
| Which fixative is Poisonous | Bouin's fluid, Brasil Alcohol |
| Which fixation is explosive | Bouin's fluid |
| When do you decalcify | when calcium salts are present in tissues hinder the preparation of good sections by ordinary methods |
| what do you use to decalcify samples | Nitric acid |
| What is the most common type of agents used for decalcifyinf? | Aqueous Nitric Acids(HNO3) |
| How long does this process takes | 1 day to 8 weeks |
| what are the steps in decalcifyinf procedure | tissue, fixation, decalcification, Neutralization, and washing |
| What is the most common type of acid used | Nitric Acid is the most |
| What is tge purpose of dehydration | At the end of the process to embed each tissue in paraffin wax |
| what will happen to tissue that are not completely dehydrated and they go into the clearing step and/ or cutting step | Cloudy |
| Clearing: | removeal Alcohol |
| What is the purpose of clearing | the purpose is the embedding medium(paraffin wax) |
| What types of chemicals are used for clearing | Toluene, Xylol (Xylene) and Chloroform |
| What is the most common type of clearing agent used | Xylene |
| What is done to improve processing times thru steps 1 to 5 | Agitation |
| The amount of clearing fluid should be how many times the bulk of the tissue. | 50-100 times that of the tissue |
| What are the types of product used here | paraffin wax, paraplams |
| What are the melting points of these | 54C -60C |
| What is another name for the procedure | Paraffin Processing |
| How does this automated processor speed up this process | the vacuum oven is sometime used to speed up the impregnation |
| What is the purpose of embedding procedure | To put the tissue in the paraffin block to be process for cutting |
| How should I place a tissue that has a mark on it ( where should that mark be) | embedded up or facing up to cut the other side of the tissue |
| Cutting, What is the name of the instrument used | microtome |
| What is the temperature of the water bath | 51C - 52C and 5C below the melting point of the wax used. |
| What is added to the water bath and why? | 50ml of 1% gelatin is added to the water bath |
| A volume of wax show be | 25 - 50 times of the volume of the tissue |
| How thick are the Tissues cut | 4-5 Microns |
| Hydration | is to add water |
| What is the purpose of this | Have to be water soluble for the H&E |
| What is the mane of the stain used in histology | hematoxylen and Eosin ( H& E) stain |
| What type of staining is this | regrassive stain |
| What is the most critical step in the staining procedure | differentitation |
| how is the accomplished | is by dipping in 1% hcl and in 70% acid alcohol |
| What does the term bluing mean | Tap water buffered to PH 8.0 with a saturation solution of Lithum carbonate |
| What can be done if you over differentiate a section | the stain will be removed |
| What is the ripening agent in the stain | mercuric oxid |
| What is the molten | potassuim alum |
| What must be done before u can process the cover slipping | Alcohol is removed by three chenge of xylol |
| What is the purpose of this cover slip procedure | To premount Name Glue on the cover slip |
| How is this accomplished | by bring in with xyline so that it can be mixable with permount |
