| A | B |
|---|
| Protein synthesis | formation of proteins using information coded pm FMA and carried out by RNA |
| Polypeptides | one of more polymers |
| Amino acids are held together by what type of bond? | peptide bond |
| how many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| arrangement determines what | how it is twisted and folded and its 3D structure |
| all structural and functional characteristics of a protein are determined by its what | amino acid sequence |
| assembly of amino acids | protein synthesis |
| genetic code | system that contains information needed by cells for proper functioning |
| DNA | information needed to put amino acids together in proper sequence |
| mRNA is transcribed using DNA as a what | template |
| codon | 3 sequential bases on mRNA- each codon codes from a specific amino acids |
| mRNA | each codon attracts a group of bases |
| tRNA | each tRNA has a specific amino acid attached to it |
| how many possible codons are there | 64 |
| Start signal (AUG) | signals a ribosome to start reading a mRNA molecule |
| Stop (UAA,UAG,UGA) | causes ribosomes to stop reading mRNA |
| coding for amino acids is what | universal |
| translation | assembling protein molecules with info encoded in mRNA |
| Step 1 | mRNA moves out of the nucleus |
| Step 2 | mRNA moves to a group of ribosomes- systhesis of proteins |
| Step 3 | amino acids- transported to ribosomes to tRNA-tRNA is bonded to a specific amino acid |
| anticodon | opposite end of tRNA that has a sequence of 3 bases |
| tRNA anticodon bases are complementary to___ | codon on mRNA |
| Step 4 | Assembly begins-ribosome attaches at an AUG codon on mRNA-pairs with an anti codon UAC on tRNA |
| first amino acid chain | always methanine |
| Step 5 | several ribosomes are simutaneously tanslating the same mRNA |
| Step 6 | as ribosome moves along strand of mRNA, each codon is paired with its anticodon and a specified amino acid is added to chain |
| Step 7 | enzyme catalyzes a reaction binding each new amino acid to chain- peptide bond is formed with last amino acid chain |
| Step 8 | ribosomes will reach a stop codon- brings process to an end |
