| A | B |
|---|
| mutation | An altered nitrogen base sequence or structure of a chromosome. |
| mutagen | An agent that causes a mutation. |
| chromosome mutation | An alteration of the structure of a chromosome. |
| gene mutation | An altered nitrogen base sequence. |
| nondisjunction | Failure of chromosomes to separate. |
| point mutation | Gene mutation that impacts one nitrogen base in the DNA sequence. |
| frameshift mutation | Gene mutation that shifts the DNA sequence. |
| deletion | A loss of a nitrogen base from the DNA sequence. |
| inversion | A piece of chromosome breaks off and reattaches in a different orientation. |
| substitution | A nitrogen base is replaced by another in the DNA sequence. |
| insertion | A nitrogen base is added to the DNA sequence. |
| translocation | A piece of chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a different chromosome. |
| trisomy | Three chromosomes in a homologous "pair" |
| monosomy | One chromosome in a homologous pair. |
| polyploidy | Many genes |
| silent mutation | A mutation that does not alter the synthesis of a protein. |
| somatic cell mutation | Mutation of the body cells. |
| germ cell mutation | Mutation of the gametes. |
