| A | B |
|---|
| nationalism | pride in one's country |
| nationalism | a group of people with a common cultural heritage that want their own country |
| Crackdown on Russian dissidents | Censorship; mental institutions; and exile to Siberia |
| pogroms | government sanctioned persecution of the JEWS, especially in Russia |
| right to own property | taken from most Jews in many parts of Russia, people were forced to leave and were not allowed to take their property with them. |
| right to life | during pogroms, some were beaten and killed - partly to scare the others into leaving. |
| Why did Russia have trouble industrializing? | serfdom -tied Russian peasants to the land, which meant industrial factories lacked a labor force. |
| Why did Russia have trouble industrializing? | small middle class -meant that Russia lacked a group of people with investment capital that would be willing to risk it starting businesses. Slowed industrialization |
| Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia. Goal: to unite the Germans using "Blood and Iron" |
| Franco-Prussian War | 1870-1871. One of Bismarck's three foreign wars, that he used to increase German nationalism ... and get the other Germans to join Prussia willingly |
| Ems Telegram | edited by Bismarck to provoke the French into declaring war - so that the French would get blamed....(an example of realpolitik) |
| Results of Franco Prussian War | 1. Creation of German Empire (announced in France's Hall of Mirrors) 2. France lost the Alsace-Lorraine which it wanted back 3. France wants revenge... which helps lead to WWI |
| World Land power | Germany... at least after the defeat of France in 1871 |
| realpolitik | realistic politics, very Machiavellian... "the ends justify the means" Used by both Cavour and Bismark to create their nations. |
| warfare | Both Bismarck and Cavour used foreign wars to increase nationalism and unite their people. Sometimeines making and breaking alliances to win.... |
| Health insurance and Old Age pensions | given to German workers by Bismarck, part of the reason why the Germans never have a socialist/communist revolt... Happy workers :) |
| Created Nationalism & Pride among Italians with his writings | Mazzini |
| "Brain" of Italian unification, he made alliances with France and Garabaldi... then broke them to unite Italy under a monarchy | Cavour |
| Garibaldi | Led the "Red Shirts" to free Sicily and Southern Italy from foreign control. Surrendered to Cavour's forces and retired. He wanted a republic and Cavour a monarchy |
| Being destroyed (torn apart) by nationalism in the 19th century. | Austrian and Ottoman Empires |
| Austrian attempts to limit change | 1. trying to STOP industrialization 2. censorship - so control what people know and say |
| Hungarians | ethnic group given a voice in Austria's gov't (then Austria-Hungary) which made the other ethnic groups mad. |
| Balkan Peninsula | nicknamed "Powder Keg of Europe" due to all of the ethnic groups/cultural diversity there. Believed Europe's next war would start there...they were right. |
| Peter the Great and Catherine the Great of Russia | both tried to bring western ideas into Russia and modernize them. |
| Obstacles to Russian industrialization | serfdom and lack of a middle class (both due in part to their rigid social class structure) |
| Russia wanted these from the Ottoman Empire | Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits, which gives access to the Mediterranean |
| Crimean War | Cause: Russia wanted the Bosporus and Dardanelles. Result: Russia lost and realized need for reforms and Industrialization. |
| Russification | to try to make everyone Russian; speak Russian, join Orthodox church; pledge loyalty to the czar |
| Bloody Sunday | January 1905, Nicholas II had peaceful petitioners to the czar. |
| Revolution of 1905 | Began because of Bloody Sunday, only ends when he promised them a constitution and a limitation on his power. |
| Russo- Japanese War | Russia lost to JAPAN. Shocking... a non-Western power beat a western one. Again... Russia isn't industrialized enough. |
