| A | B |
|---|
| The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called ___. | ecology |
| The combined parts of the Earth that contain life is called the ____. | biosphere |
| If two animals can breed together and produce fertile offspring, they are members of the same ___. | species |
| A group of organisms that belong to the same species and live (and interact) in the same general area is called a(n) ____. | population |
| A group made up of all the different species living (and interacting) in the same area is called a(n) ___. | community |
| The living and non-living things that interact in a certain area make up a(n) ____. | ecosystem |
| A group of ecosystems found in different parts of the world but having the same climate and rainfall patterns is called a(n) ______. | biome |
| For two organisms to be considered members of the same species, they must be able to mate and produce ____ offspring. | fertile |
| The _____ parts of an ecosystem are the living components of the ecosystem. | biotic |
| The _____ parts of an ecosystem are the non-living components of the ecosystem. | abiotic |
| What do you call organisms that can produce their own food without light? | chemosynthesizers, 
|
Most chemosynthesizers are _______.,  | bacteria |
| Another word for consumer is ____. | heterotroph,
|
| Another word for producer is ____. | autotroph,
|
| What do you call organisms that feed only on plants? | Herbivores,
|
| What do you call organisms that only feed on other animals? | Carnivores,
|
| What do you call organisms that feed on both plants and animals? | Omnivores |
| What do you call organisms that get energy by breaking down organic matter left over from dead organisms? | Decomposers |
| Matter ______ through an ecosystem. | cycles |
| Energy _____ as it moves through an ecosystem. | gets used up |
| A food _______ show the one-way flow of energy through an ecosystem. | chain |
| A food ______ describes the complex feeding relationships among all organisms in an ecosystem, including the decomposers. | web |
| Models used to predict what will happen in an ecosystem use ____________ to show how one component in an ecosystem affects another component. | equations |
A graph like the one shown below probably represents the populations of a ______.,  | predator and its prey,  |
| Each step in a food chain or ecological pyramid is called a ____. | trophic level |
| The ______ trophic level in a food chain or ecological pyramid is made up of producers. | first,
|
| The _____ trophic level in a food chain or ecological pyramid is made up of first level consumers. | second |
| If all the plants in a field were determined to contain 100,000 calories of energy, the amount of energy you would you expect to consume by eating all the animals that feed on those plants in the field would be _____ calories. | 10,000 calories (Remember the 10% rule. You would only expect there to be 10% as much energy (1000 calories) stored in the herbivores at the next trophic level. If you ate those all of those herbivores, you would be getting all 1000 calories that are stored in their bodies) |
| If all the herbivores in an ecosystem had a biomass of 10,000 kg, you would you expect all of the carnivores at the next trophic level to have a biomass of ____ kilograms. | 1,000 kg (remember the 10% rule) |
| The original source of energy that flows through an ecosystem comes from the ____. | sun |
| The total amount of living tissue in an ecosystem, expressed in kilograms, is called ____. | biomass |
| TRUE or FALSE: If you eat a chicken, you will only take in 10% of the calories (a unit of energy) that are found in that chicken. | FALSE (You get all of the calories in the chicken. However, you will probably only store about 10% of those calories. The rest will be burned for energy and some will never be digested in the first place and just pass right through your digestive tract and end up in the toilet as fecal matter, aka "poop." Calories that you don't burn or digest stay inside the molecules of food you eat and those molecules get added to your body causing you to get bigger) |
| The process of changing water from gas form (water vapor) to liquid form is called ____. | condensation |
| The changing of water from liquid form to gas form (water vapor) at temperatures below boiling is called ___. | evaporation |
| Evaporation from the surface of plant leaves is called ____. | transpiration |
| When water condenses and then starts to fall as either rain or snow, these two forms of water can both be called ______. | precipitation |
| When organisms burn their food in the presence of oxygen, the two waste products are carbon dioxide and ___. | water |
| Water that ends up deep below the ground is called ___. | ground-water |
| Water in the gas phase is called water _____. | vapor |
| The process called _____ changes water from the solid to the liquid form. | melting |
| The process called _____ changes water from the liquid to the solid form. | freezing |
| The process called _____ changes water from the solid straight to the gaseous form. | sublimation |
| The process called _____ changes water from the gaseous form straight to the solid form. | deposition (the frost on your car early in the morning is an example) |
| A(n) _______ is an area of land that drains into a particular river, lake, or ocean. | watershed |
| A(n) ______ is a large underground reservoir of water. | aquifer |
| Carbon dioxide and water are ____ during photosynthesis. | required |
| Carbon dioxide and water are ___ during cellular respiration. | produced |
| ______ took millions of years to build up and, until recently, kept a lot of carbon safely away from the atmosphere. | Fossil fuels |
| In what form is carbon returned to the atmosphere when fuels, such as the food we eat or the gas we use in our cars, are burned for energy? | CO2 |
| ___________ molecules are molecules with a carbon backbone that were made inside living organisms. | Organic (They must also have hydrogen in them to be considered organic. They can also have other elements. Carbon dioxide is not considered to be an organic molecule even though it is made inside cells during cellular respiration because it doesn't contain hydrogen also) |
| Which biological process takes carbon out of the atmosphere and turns it into food? | Photosynthesis |
| Which process releases carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when organisms burn their food for energy? | Cellular respiration |
| The shells of sea creatures and a type of rock called limestone both store carbon in the form of ________. | calcium carbonate |
| Burial of dead organisms under high pressure for long periods of time takes carbon out of the carbon cycle and stores it in ______. | fossil fuels (like coal, gas, and oil) |
| A lot of carbon is taken out of the atmosphere when carbon dioxide dissolves in _____. | oceans |
| Producers require ______ to be turned into ammonia, nitrates and nitrites before they can be used by the producers | N2 |
| Which two types of substances are the key ingredients in fertilizer, because plants need them to grow. | Nitrogen and phosphorus |
| ______ play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle. | Bacteria |
| An algal bloom is most likely to occur if a lake receives a large input of ____ because that is usually the limiting nutrient in aquatic freshwater ecosystems. | Phosphorus,  |
| Aquatic ecosystems are most likely to receive heavy doses of limiting nutrients that can cause algal blooms from the runoff from ___. | fertilized fields (like farmland or golf courses) |
| Which cycle DOES NOT have a phase where it is part of a compound that is a gas? | phosphorus |
| Nutrient-rich waters that have a lot of algae can experience a fish-kill in the fall when the algae die and bacteria that come in to decompose them use up the dissolved ______ in the water. | oxygen |
