| A | B |
|---|
| physical task involving small muscle movement such as cutting with scissors, typing on a keyboard and writing with a pen or pencil | Fine Motor skills |
| Cognitive Development | The change in how people perceive, sense, organize, memorize, recall, reason, problem solve, and imagine that occur as humans develop from birth through older adulthood |
| Gross motor skills | Physical tasks involving large muscle movement such as crawling, walking, and jumping |
| Human development | A gradual process through which humans change from birth to adulthood |
| nature vs nurture | The debate between genetic and environment influence on development |
| Physical Development | The change in size, body composition, chemical make-up, and height that occurs as humans develop from birth through older adulthood |
| Classical condioning | Behaviors associated with emotional responses |
| genes | Part of a DNA molecule that determines individual traits |
| genetics | the study of genes |
| moral decisions | Personal choice that evaluate what is right and what is wrong |
| psychosocial developmental stages | Erikson's theory consisting of 8 stages in which people must successfully resolve a psychological and/or social conflict before moving to the next stage in life |
| social cognitive theory | theory based on the assumption that people are affected by rewards and punishments, but that their reaction to rewards and punishments are filtered by their own perceptions, thoughts, and motivations |
| empty nest | A void in a couple's life when the home is empty and they are no longer focusing their resources on rearing their children |
| family life cycle | 6 basic stages that many families go through as a normal part of life. Includes the beginning, childbearing, parenting, launching, mid-years and aging stages |
| social system | The organization of individuals into groups based on characteristic patterned relationship |
| Stereotype | dpreconceived generalizations about certain groups of people |
| blastocyst | When a fertilized egg begins dividing into cells |
| embryo | Term used to describe the developing baby during the embryonic period |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | Condition such as cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol |
| fetus | Term used to describe the developing baby during the fetal period |
| germinal period | The pregnancy stage that extends from conception until about two weeks later when implantation in the uterus occurs |
| obstetricians | Medical doctors who specialize in pregnancy and birth |
| sexually transmitted infections | Infectious illness spread primarily through sexual contact |
| stillbirth | Delivery of a deceased baby |
| sudden infant death syndrome | unexpected death for unknown reasons during the first few months of a baby's life |
| zygote | The cell that results from fertilization between a sperm and an egg |
| apgar scale | A measure used to determine the health of a newborn |
| attachement | Emotional connection between and infant and caregiver |
| infancy | The period from birth to the first birthday |
| neonates | Babies from birth to age 1 month |
| Palmar grasp | When a baby scrapes up an object using all of the fingers into the palm of the hand |
| sensorimotor stage | Piaget's first stage of cognitive development that begins with reflexes and ends with the use of symbols |
| shaken baby syndrome | A brain injury that occurs as a result of shaking an infant |
| trust vs mistrust | Erikson's stage in which infants must learn to develop trust relationships with their caregivers |
| autonomy vs shame and doubt | Erikson's stage in which young children begin to see themselves as separate from their caregivers |
| parallel play | Play that occurs alongside another toddler with little reciprocal interactions |
| scaffolding | When caregivers and older peers or siblings help children learn at their level |
| toddlers | Children between the ages of 1 to 3 years |
| allergy | A reaction that develops because of the immune system's overreaction to a normally harmless substance in the environment |
| asperger's syndrome | A mild form of autism |
| associative play | When children interact while involved in parallel play |
| constructive play | Playing that involves creating something |
| cooperative play | When children participate in constructive play together |
| egocentrism | The inability to take another person's perspective |
| functional play | Using repetitive motions in play such as moving a toy car in circle |
| gender identity | A child sense about being a boy or a girl |
| gender role | Expectations about what is expected of boys or girls in how they should act, how they should feel, and what should be of interest to them |
| hand and eye coordunation | Using visual input to guide a hand activity |
| metacognition | Thinking about thinking processes |
| preoperational stage | Piaget's second stage of cognitive development in which young children are beginning to use more rational thought processes |
