| A | B |
|---|
| democracy | a form of government in which the people are in control |
| rotten boroughs | voting districts that had few or no voters - they were eliminated by the Reform Bill of 1832, which made Britain much more democratic |
| cat and mouse acts | the British Parliament law to release the imprisoned suffragists that went on hunger strikes, then rearrested when strength returned |
| tactics of Emmeline Pankhurst and followers | attacks on property, such as arson, breaking windows or vandalizing postal boxes |
| genocide | to kill a group of people |
| British government | perpetrators of the genocide in Ireland's Potato Famine |
| Ownership of Irish Land | Three quarters of Irish land had been owned by British (taken from rebelling Irish nobles). Most were absentee landlords who took the money and did nothing to improve Irish lands/people. |
| Export of Grain Crops | The grain grown on the best land in Ireland was exported out of the country even though the Irish were starving. |
| Poor Laws | When the British finally agreed to send food aid it was only given to those who gave up all claim to their land... then they could go to the Poor House - where conditions were so bad many left - or stayed and died of typhus or other diseases. Then the following year the aid was cancelled. |
| Diverted Relief Ships | When other nations at first sent food aid to Ireland, the British forced them to dock in Britain, food transferred to British ships and some of it kept as payment for shipping. |
| Emigration | the method the British preferred to use to deal with the famine. |
| Irish resistance... | 1. Food riots to try to keep the grain crops in Ireland. 2. stealing food (risking being shot)... some hoping to be caught and sent to Australia. 3. Children frightening cattle away from collectors... to save a village, as that was all they had left to eat. |
| evolution | a slow change, it was how Britain progressed into a democracy |
| Ireland | suffered from starvation in 1840s, partly due to British government policy |
| Nobles and wealthy landowners | DOMINATED the Parliament in the early 1800s, only 5% could vote. |
| Reform Bill of 1832 | Middle Class men gained a voice in gov't. Rotten boroughs and religious restrictions (ex. no Catholics, nor non-Anglican Protestants could vote) |
| Corn Laws | benefited factory workers b/c the end of tariffs on imported grains decreased their price. |
| Queen Victoria | her long reign and strict moral principles, made her a symbol of national values. |
| social reforms for working class included... | public schools for their children |
| social welfare reforms | health, accident, unemployment insurance & old age pensions were passed by the Labour Party in the 1920s |
| effect of social welfare reforms | Helped workers... which prevented a Marxist/ Communist revolt |
| abolition of slavery | 1833 the middle class men did this soon after getting the right to vote (1832). |
| Tactics of Pankhurst to win women's suffrage | Violent attacks on property... |
| World War I | gave women the respect they deserved, earning them the right to vote in 1918... at least if they were over 30.. |
| English Laws from 1600s to 1800s | discriminated against Irish CATHOLICS |
| British in Ireland | 1. often were absentee landlords charging high rents; 2. forbid Irish from getting an education (esp. Catholic); 3. forbid Irish industries from competing with British ones. |
| The Great Hunger | the "new" name for the Irish potato famine |
| Common Destinations of Irish Emigrants | USA, Australia, Canada |
| Nationalism | people with a common heritage that want to get their own nation.Like the Irish after the potato famine |
| home rule | self-rule - what the Irish wanted, but don't get until after WWI |
| Dreyfus Affair | A French army officer (Jewish) accused of spying for the Germans. Used a scapegoat, just b/c he was Jewish |
| antisemitism | against Jews |
| Zionism | demand by Jews, that they have a nation of their own. Preferred it to be in the Holy Land "Palestine." |
