| A | B |
|---|
| alleles | alternate forms of a gene |
| natural selection | mechanism of evolutionary change |
| inbreeding | mating with relatives |
| genetic drift | random loss of genes |
| gene flow | movement of genes into or out a population |
| gene pool | collection of possible alleles within a population; a bit too shallow in some places |
| 2pq | frequency of heterozygotes in Hardy-Weinburg equation |
| frequency | how common an allele is within a population |
| p2 | frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in Hardy-Weinburg equation |
| q2 | frequency of homozygous recessive individuals within the hardy-Weinburg equation |
| Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium | equation that allows for calculation of gene frequencies for a particular allele in a population |
| mutation | ultimate source of genetic variability; genetic change within a gene |
| polymorphism | when multiple alleles exist for a particular trait; ABO blood groups |
| directional selection | when selection eliminates one extreme from an array of phenotypes |
| stabilizing selection | when selection eliminates BOTH extremes of an array of phenotypes |
| disruptive selection | when selection eliminates an "intermediate" type of phenotype |
| founder principle | when a few individuals become the basis of a population (such as an island) |
| bottleneck effect | when a population is restricted in its genetic variability (like in a zoo) |
| eugenics | a field that deals with making genetic characteristics of humans better |
| fitness | how well you are adapted for your environment |
| phenotype | selection only acts upon this; your appearance |
| loci | location of a gene within a chromosome |
| 5% | percent of loci that are heterozygous in humans |
| p + q = | 1 |
| emigration | migration OUT of a population |
| nonrandom mating | typical of humans |
