| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| element | pure substance that cannot be broken down into other types of substances |
| atom | the smallest unit of matter |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle |
| electron | negatively charged subatomic particle |
| neutron | neutrally charged subatomic particle |
| atomic number | number of protons |
| mass number | protons plus neutrons |
| compound | two or more elements chemically bonded together |
| molecule | smallest particle of a compound |
| isotope | two atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
| chemical bond | force that holds molecules together |
| ionic bond | transfer of electrons between atoms |
| covalent bond | sharing of electrons between atoms |
| metallic bond | bond between metal atoms |
| amino acid | building blocks of proteins |
| carbohydrate | organic compound such as sugar or starch |
| lipid | organic compound such as fat or oil |
| monosaccharide | building block of carbohydrates |
| polysaccharide | chain of monsaccharides that makes up a complex carbohydrate such as starch |
| organic compound | compound found in living things that contains carbon |
| inorganic compound | compounds not containing carbon |
| nucleuic acids | organic compound such as DNA or RNA |
| nucleotide | building blocks of nucleic acids |
| protein | organic compound made of amino acids |
| saturated fatty acid | molecule in lipids where carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible |
| unsaturated fatty acid | molecule in lipids where some carbon atoms are bonded to other groups of atoms rather than to hydrogen atoms |
| monomer | molecules that bond together to form polymers |
| polymer | many monomers bonded together |
| chemical reaction | process that changes some chemical sustances into others |
| product | ending material in a chemical reaciton |
| reactant | starting material in a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that speeds up biochemical reactions |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| substrate | substance that attaches to the active site of an enzyme |
| acid | pH lower than 7 |
| base | pH higher than 7 |
| pH | scale that is used to measure acidity |
| polarity | difference in electrical charge between different parts of the same molecule |
| denaturation | change in temperature or pH that changes the shape of the enzyme |
