A | B |
brainstem | medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain |
diencephalon | hypothalamus and thalamus |
cerebellum | under occipital lobe of cerebrum |
cerebrum | largest part of brain |
corpus callosum | connects right and left cerebral hemispheres |
cerebral cortex | outer layer of cerebrum/consists of gray matter |
fissures | deep grooves in brain |
longitudinal fissure | divides right and left hemispheres |
basal ganglia/cerebral nuclei | regions of gray matter in the inner part of cerebrum |
frontal lobe | control of conscious thought, muscles, motor speech |
temporal lobe | controls hearing |
parietal lobe | controls body sense perception/sensory speech |
occipital lobe | controls vision |
Broca's area | area of frontal lobe involved with motor speech |
Wernicke's area | area of parietal lobe involved with sensory speech |
cerebral palsy | damage to motor control areas of cerebrum due to lack of oxygen during birth |
dementia | progressive loss of memory, attention span, personality, intellect |
Alzheimer's disease | causes dementia/possibly caused by old age, genetic predisposition |
epilepsy | recurring seizures caused by electrical disturbance in brain |
gray matter | found on outside of brain/inside of spinal cord |
white matter | found on inside of brain/outside of spinal cord |
paralysis | loss of voluntary movement |
meninges | tough, fluid-filled membrane covering CNS |
dura mater | outside layer of meninges |
arachnoid mater | middle layer of meninges |
pia mater | inner layer of meninges |
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) | fills arachnoid mater and ventricles |
ventricles | spaces in brain, filled with CSF |
choroid plexus | network of capillaries in ventricles, which produce CSF |
hydrocephalus | build-up of CSF in brain |
lumbar puncture | withdrawal of CSF from meninges in lumbar region of spine |
cranial nerves | nerves that connect brain to head and neck |
spinal nerves | nerves extending from spinal cord to regions of body not served by cranial nerves |
dermatome | mapping of body surface to reveal connection between peripheral nerve and spinal nerve |
autonomic nervous system | consists of motor neurons that conduct impulses to heart, smooth muscle, and glands |
sympathetic nervous system | part of ANS involved in emergency response |
parasympathetic nervous system | part of ANS involved in ordinary "normal" response |
adrenalin | neurotransmitter produced by sympathetic postganglionic nerve |
medulla oblongata | part of brainstem that influences heartbeat |
pons | part of brainstem that influences respiration |
hypothalamus | controls homeostasis, secretes ADH |
thalamus | associates sensation with emotion |
cerebellum | controls balance, coordination, posture |
Fissures | Sulci; the depressions in the cerebrum |
Peripheral Nervous System | PNS |