| A | B |
|---|
| binary fission | cell division in prokaryotic cells where a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
| cancer | disease where cells divide out of control |
| cell cycle | repeating series of events that a cell goes through during its life, including growth, DNA, synthesis, and cell division |
| cell division | the process where one cell divides to form two new cells |
| cytokinesis | splitting of the cytoplasm of cell |
| DNA replication | process of copying of DNA prior to cell division |
| interphase | stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell grows, synthesizes DNA, and prepares to divide |
| mitosis | splitting of the nucleus of the cell |
| tumor | abnormal mass of cells that may be cancerous |
| anaphase | third phase of mitosis during which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell |
| centromere | spot on sister chromatids where they are joined together |
| chromatin | grainy material that DNA forms when it is not coiled into chromosomes |
| chromosome | coiled DNA and proteins containing sister chromatids |
| gene | unit of DNA on a chromosome that is encoded with the instructions for a single protein |
| homologous chromosomes | pair of chromosomes that have the same size and shape and contain the same genes |
| metaphase | second phase of mitosis during which chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell |
| prophase | first phase of mitosis during which chromatin condense into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form |
| telophase | last stage of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, the spindle breaks down, and new nuclear membranes form |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that involves a single parent and results in offspring that are all genetically identical to the parent |
| crossing-over | exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes when they are closely paired during meiosis I |
| diploid | having two of each type of chromosome |
| egg | female gamete |
| fertilization | union of two gametes that produces a diploid zygote |
| gamete | reproductive cell produced during meiosis that has the haploid number of chromosomes |
| gametogenesis | development of haploid cells into gametes such as sperm and egg |
| haploid | cell with half the number of chromosomes |
| independent assortment | independent segregation of chromosomes to gametes during meiosis |
| life cycle | series of stages a sexually reproducing organism goes through from one generation to the next |
| meiosis | type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half and four haploid cells result |
| sexual reproduction | type of reproduction that involves the fertilization of gametes produced by two parents and produces genetically variable offspring |
| sperm | male gamete |
| zygote | diploid cell that forms when two haploid gametes unite during fertilization |
