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| organizational chart | an illustration of the structure of an organization, major job classifications, and the reporting relationships among the organization's personnel |
| responsibility | the obligation to do an assigned task |
| authority | the right to make decisions about work assignments and to require other employees to perform assigned task |
| empowerment | the authority given to individual employees to make decisions and solve problems they encounter on the job with resources available to them |
| accountability | the obligation to accept responsibility for the outcomes of assigned task |
| unity of command | each employee reports to one and only one supervisor at a time for a particular task |
| chain of command | the hierachy of the organization, from the highest level to the lowest level |
| span of control or span of management | describe the number of employees that any one manager supervises to effectively implement the organizations goals |
| departmentalization | senior managers make decisions on how to group employees that serve a similar need for the company |
| line organization | all authority and responsibility can be traced in a direct line from the top executive down to the lowest employee level in an organization |
| line and staff organizaation | managers have direct control over the units and employees they supervise, but have access to staff specialist for assistance |
| matrix organization | organizes employees into temporary work teams to complete speific projects while working in the same functional area |
| team organization | divides employees into permanent work teams |
| self directed work teams | team members together are responsible for the work assigned to the team |
| centralized organization | organization in which a few top managers do all major planning and decision making |
| decentralized organization | a large business is divided into smaller operating units, and managerswho head the units have almost total responsibility and authority for operations |
| flattened organization | an organization with fewerlevels of managers than traditional structures |
