| A | B |
|---|
| What motivated migration into California? | gold rush (1849) |
| What motivated migration into Nevada? | silver mines--Comstock Lode |
| Which act was passed to promote farming on the Great Plains? | Homestead Act (1862) |
| What was established by the Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)? | colleges and universities |
| What internal improvement linked western farms and ranches to eastern cities? | transcontinental railroad |
| What was significant about the meeting of the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroad lines at Promontory Point, Utah (1869)? | completion of the transcontinental railroad |
| Where did the government force tribes to live to remove Indians from lands desired by new settlers? | reservations |
| Which battle resulted in a victory by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors over General George Armstrong Custer? | Battle of the Little Bighorn |
| List examples of American Indian leaders who tried to resist being forced onto the reservations. | Sitting Bull (Sioux), Chief Joseph (Nez Perce) |
| Which reformer brought attention to injustices done against American Indians? | Helen Hunt Jackson (A Century of Dishonor) |
| Which battle was the last conflict between the government and American Indians? | Wounded Knee (1890) |
| What act divided Indian lands to begin a policy of assimilation? | Dawes Severalty Act |
| What federal Indian policy was begun under the Dawes Act? | assimilation/"Americanization" |
| What hardships did farmers face in the West? | falling crop prices and high railroad shipping rates |
| What organization did farmers form to protest high freight rates on the railroads? | the Grange |
| What political party was formed by farmers' alliances? | the Populist party |
| What political reforms were supported by the Populists? | secret ballot and direct election of U.S. Senators |
| List the economic reforms supported by the Populists. | government regulation of the railroads, bimetallism |
| What money policy was supported by big business and urban interests? | Gold standard |
| What money policy was supported by the Populists? | bimetallism |
| What did Populists hope the result of an "easy" or "loose" money policy based on bimetallism would be? | inflation--rising crop prices |
| Which legislation was passed to regulate the railroads? | Interstate Commerce Act |
| What policy was promoted in the "Cross of Gold Speech" by William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential campaign? | bimetallism |
| What process do labor unions try to use to secure a contract with good wages and better working conditions? | collective bargaining |
| Which industry was improved by the Bessemer process? | steel |
| What industry was controlled by Andrew Carnegie? | steel |
| Which trust enabled John D. Rockefeller to control the oil industry? | Standard Oil |
| What was J.P. Morgan associated with? | banking and finance |
| What government policy reduced business regulations? | laissez-faire capitalism |
| Which methods were used by business leaders to grow the size of their companies? | horizontal and vertical integration |
| What business structure enabled business leaders to eliminate competition during the late-1800s? | Trust |
| Which theory explained the growing wealth of America's business leaders during the late-1800s? | Social Darwinism |
| What is associated with Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth"? | donating funds to libraries, schools, and hospitals |
| What did workers form to fight for better working conditions in the late 1800s? | labor Unions |
| Which labor union supported socialism and other radical goals? | The Knights of Labor |
| Which event caused the decline of the Knights of Labor? | Haymarket riot |
| Which labor union focused on obtaining higher wages and better working conditions? | American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
| Who founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) | Samuel Gompers |
| What tactic did the American Federation of Labor (AFL) use achieve their goals? | strikes and collective bargaining |
| What is it called when a labor union refuses to work until they are paid higher wages? | strike |
| What tactic did business leaders use to stop strikes? | injunctions |
| What did business leaders use to weaken the labor unions? | blacklists & yellow-dog contracts |
| Which labor union leader is associated with supporting socialism? | Eugen V. Debs. |
| Which act was passed to prevent trusts from forming monopolies? | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| Which act was passed to regulate railroad freight rates? | Interstate Commerce Act |
