| A | B |
|---|
| mRNA | nucleic acid with transcribed copy of DNA |
| Transcription | process of copying DNA into mRNA |
| Translation | process in which mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA meet to make a proteins |
| Codon | 3 nitrogen bases in mRNA which code for a specific amino acid |
| tRNA | Cross shaped RNA molecule that carries a specific amino acid |
| rRNA | RNA molecule that is part of ribosome |
| RNA polymerase | Enzyme that opens DNA and adds on free RNA nucleotides |
| mRNA splicing | Process that cuts out the introns from the mRNA transcript |
| Introns | Pieces in mRNA that do not code for protein |
| Exons | Pieces mRNA that code for proteins. |
| Anticodon | 3 nitrogen bases in tRNA that match mRNA codons |
| P site | Site on ribosome that holds tRNA bearing the growing protein |
| A site | Site on ribosome that holds tRNA bearing next amino acid to be added to the chain. |
| Start codon | AUG |
| E site | Site on the ribosome where the empty tRNA is exiting the ribosome. |
| Protein | Macromolecule that makes up all of the structures in your body. |
| Gene | The code on DNA that codes for one protein. |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of proteins. |
| Triplet | Group of three bases on DNA that code for an amino acid. |
| Twenty | The number of kinds of amino acids in living things. |
| Nucleus | Where transcription takes place. |
| Cytoplasm on a ribosome | Translation occurs HERE |
| Ribosome | Organelle where protein synthesis takes place. |
| Ribose | Sugar found in RNA. |
| Deoxyribose | Sugar found in DNA. |
| Uracil | Base found in RNA but not in DNA. |
| Thymine | Base found in DNA but not in RNA. |
| Helicase | Enzyme that uncoils DNA. |
| Sense strand | Side of DNA used for transcription. |
| Nonsense strand | Side of DNA NOT used for transcription. |
| Free RNA nucleotides | Pieces of RNA floating in the nucleus from the food we eat. |
| Codon chart | A table that contains all of the amino acids and their mRNA codes. |
| Codon | tRNAs know where to line up by matching their anticodon to mRNA's ___________. |
| Recycled | After translation, tRNA's and mRNA can be: |
| Peptide bonds | Bonds between the amino acids are called: |
| Peptidase | The enzyme that helps link amino acids together is called: |
