| A | B |
|---|
| A group of organisms that belong to the same species and live (and interact) in the same general area is called a(n) ____. | population |
| A group made up of all the different species living (and interacting) in the same area is called a(n) ___. | community |
| The living and non-living things that interact in a certain area make up a(n) ____. | ecosystem |
| Matter ______ through an ecosystem. | cycles |
| Energy _____ as it moves through an ecosystem. | gets used up |
| A food _______ show the one-way flow of energy through an ecosystem. | chain |
| A food ______ describes the complex feeding relationships among all organisms in an ecosystem, including the decomposers. | web |
| TRUE or FALSE: If you eat a chicken, you will only take in 10% of the calories (a unit of energy) that are found in that chicken. | FALSE (You get all of the calories in the chicken. However, you will probably only store about 10% of those calories. The rest will be burned for energy and some will never be digested in the first place and just pass right through your digestive tract and end up in the toilet as fecal matter, aka "poop." Calories that you don't burn or digest stay inside the molecules of food you eat and those molecules get added to your body causing you to get bigger) |
| A(n) ______ is a large underground reservoir of water. | aquifer |
| Which biological process takes carbon out of the atmosphere and turns it into food? | Photosynthesis |
| Which process releases carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when organisms burn their food for energy? | Cellular respiration |
| When individuals at one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have the highest fitness, selection is _____. | directional |
| The type of selection pressure that is most likely to lead to the formation of a new species is _____ selection. | disruptive |
The type of selection effect shown below is ____.,  | stabilizing selection, |
| Evolution is defined as a change in the __________ of certain genes in the gene pool of a species over time. | frequency |
| A change in the frequency of certain genes in the gene pool of a species over time is the definition of _____. | evolution |
| What is the main cause of variation of traits within a population? | random mutations |
| True or False: Organisms can adapt during their lifetime. | False: Organisms are born with their adaptations. For example, a caveman learning to use animal fur to stay warm is not an evolutionary adaptation because it can't be passed on to his offspring as a gene that gives its offspring the instinct to wear animal furs to stay warm. |
| The type of selection caused by selective breeding carried out by humans on plants or animals to breed organisms with more useful traits is called _____ selection. | artificial |
| Which type of selection is given credit for causing most of the evolution during the history of life on this planet? | natural selection |
| Felis catus and Felis concolour belong to the same ____. | genus |
| A genus is composed of a number of related ____. | species |
| An order is composed of a number of related ____. | families |
A phylum is composed of a number of related ____., 
| classes |
| Similar genes and DNA are evidence of _____. | recent common ancestory |
| What is the role of most fungi in nature? | Decomposers |
| Multicellular heterotrophs with cell walls are the characteristics that all members of the _____ kingdom have in common. | fungus |
| An organism's ______ is where it lives and includes both biotic and abiotic factors. | habitat |
| An organism's ____ is kind of like it's job, and includes the way in which an organism eats, finds shelter, and reproduces as well as the physical conditions required by the organism to survive. | niche,
|
| Species that have a disproportionally large effect on an ecosystem compared to their population size are called ____ species. Removal of this type of species would cause big changes in an ecosystem. | keystone |
| ______ occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time. | Competition |
| The type of interaction where one animal captures and eats another animal is known as _____. | predation |
| The type of relationship in which two different species of organisms live closely together is called ____. | symbiosis,
|
| The type of symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called ____.,
| mutualism,
|
| The type of symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is neither helped nor harmed is called ___.,
| commensalism,
|
| The type of symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other is called ____.,
| parasitism,
|
The series of predictable changes occurring over time in the picture below,  | succession, |
| The type of succession that starts from scratch (like on bare rock or ash) is called ____ succession | primary,  |
| The first species to populate an area that previously had no signs of life is called the ____ species | pioneer species, |
| The type of ecological succession that occurs after a forest fire, or when farmland is abandoned, is called _____ succession. | secondary succession,  |
| The final community of organisms, after the ecosystem has gone through succession and become stabilized, is called the ____ community. | climax, |
| The number of individuals per unit area is a population’s ____. | density |
| The maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support in a sustainable fashion is called the ecosystem's _____. | carrying capacity |
| Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will undergo _____ growth. | exponential |
The graph below shows a type of population growth called ____ growth.,  | Logistic growth, |
| At which point in the graph below is the population growth rate the highest?, | The population growth "rate" is the highest at point B (Notice that the slope at point B is the steepest. The slope, rise over run, equals population growth/rise divided by time/run, which equals the population growth "rate"), |
| At which point on the graph below is the population growth rate the lowest?, | The population growth rate is lowest at point D (notice that the population, even though it is at its highest, has stopped growing), |
| An example of a density-dependent limiting factor | disease |
| An example of a density-independent limiting factor | climate extremes |
| ______ is the average, year-to-year, conditions of temperature and precipitation in a certain area. | Climate |
| Wind and ocean currents move ____ away from the tropics. | heat |
| The climate on the side of a mountain range getting hit by prevailing winds is ______ than the climate on the other side of the mountain range. | wetter,  |
| Climate conditions in a small area that differ significantly from the climate of the surrounding area are called ___. | microclimates |
| Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost? | Tundra,  |
| Which type of rainforest biome is characterized by thin, nutrient-poor soils and high biodiversity? | tropical rainforest,  |
| Trees that drop their leaves in the autumn are called ____ trees. | Deciduous trees,  |
| Which aquatic ecosystem has the highest biodiversity? | Coral Reef |
Which type of biome is pictured below?,  | The Taiga (a.k.a. - Boreal Forests). Notice it's all conifers (trees with cones), |
Which type of biome is pictured below?,  | Tropical Savanna, |
| The Taiga (a.k.a. Boreal Forests) is characterized by long cold winters, short mild summers, and mostly _________ trees? | coniferous, |
What type of coastal ecosystem is this seal swimming around in?,  | kelp forest, |
