| A | B |
|---|
| matter | has mass and occupies space |
| element | cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means |
| symbol | represents a chemical element |
| atoms | smallest unit of element that maintains properties |
| nucleus and electrons | two parts of an atom |
| neutrons and protons | two parts of the nucleus |
| proton | positively charged |
| neutron | neutral |
| electron | negatively charged |
| electron shell | houses electrons |
| atomic number | number of protons |
| mass number | neutrons + protons |
| ion | an atom that has a charge due to the gain or loss of e- |
| molecule | formed when atoms share electrons |
| compound | can be broken down by ordinary chemical means |
| free radical | has an unpaired electron in outermost shell |
| superoxide | example of free radical |
| antioxidants | inactivate oxygen derived free radicals |
| K+, Na-, Cl-, Br- | ions |
| H2O | compound |
| O2 | molecule |
| chemical bonds | forces that bind atoms of molecules and compounds |
| valence shell | outermost shell |
| valence electrons | outermost electrons |
| ionic bond | force of attraction between opposite charges, e- are accepted or donated |
| covalent bond | force in which electrons are shared |
| hydrogen bond | force of attraction between H and O or N |
| energy | capacity to do work |
| potential energy | energy of position |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| synthesis reaction | two or more atoms combine to form new molecule |
| decomposition reaction | a molecule is split apart |
| inorganic compounds | lack carbon, joined by ionic or covalent bonds |
| CO2 and HCO3 | two exceptions to inorganic cmpds |
| organic compounds | contain carbon, covalently joined |
| solution | solute + solvent |
| solute | what is being dissolved |
| solvent | what solute is being dissolved in |
| acids | dissociate into H+ ions and anions |
| bases | dissociated into OH- ions and cations |
