| A | B |
|---|
| Hypocalcemia | too little calcium in the blood |
| Renal Failure | condition where the kidneys are no longer able to filter waste products from the blood |
| Hypercalcemia | too much calcium in the blood |
| Extracellular Fluid | all body fluid not in cells, includes plasma and tissue fluid |
| Vasoconstriction | shrinking of blood vessels |
| Vasodilation | widening of blood vessels |
| Positive Feedback | abnormalities or changes to the internal conditions which stimulate an increase in abnormal conditions |
| Negative Feedback | abnormalities or changes to the internal conditions which stimulate corrective mechanisms |
| Control Center | component in a homeostasis-maintaining system responsible for processing negative feedback and sending out the appropriate hormones to communicate between the receptor and the effector |
| Receptor | component in a homeostasis-maintaining system responsible for monitoring conditions in the body and detecting any abnormalities |
| Endocrine System | body system responsible for producing hormones |
| Lymph Nodes | bean-shaped organs in the neck, armpits and groin; produce and store cells which fight pathogens |
| Pathogen | any microorganism which can cause disease; i.e., bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa |
| Immune System | body system responsible for detecting and destroying pathogens; includes lymph nodes and vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils and pathogen fighting cells |
| Urinary System | body system responsible for the production and elimination of urine; includes the kidneys, urethra, bladder and ureter |
| Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract | tube leading from the mouth to the anus; includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines |
| Respiratory System | body system providing for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) |
| Capillaries | smallest vessels; walls are only one cell in thickness |
| Veins | blood vessels leading to the heart from the tissues, usually blood depleted of oxygen; have valves preventing backflow of blood since it is under less pressure |
| Arteries | blood vessels leading away from the heart, usually blood rich in oxygen; contract and dilate to control blood pressure |
| Cardiac Muscle | system responsible for the movement of blood throughout the body; includes the heart and blood vessels |
| Smooth Muscle | type of muscle present in organs like the small intestine and structures like arteries; helps ‘tubelike’ structures contract and dilate |
| Skeletal Muscle | type of muscle attached to bones; provides movement of the body |
| Muscular System | all the muscles of the human body; provides support and posture, movement and aids in blood circulation |
| Nervous | system responsible for sensing the body’s environment and responding to it |
